Working and Growing Up in America
Working and Growing Up in America
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在美国工作和成长
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发表时间：
2004
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通讯作者：
Lydia B. Blalock
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作者：
Lydia B. Blalock
在美国工作和成长。吉兰·T莫蒂默剑桥，MA：哈佛大学出版社。2003. 304页。ISBN 0 - 674 - 00923 - 1。$45.00（布）。有偿工作是否会干扰青年的教育和/或课外活动，从而减少青年取得积极发展成果的机会？关于青少年是否应该从事有偿工作的争论已经酝酿了几十年。吉兰·T莫蒂默在《在美国工作和成长》一书中戏剧性地改变了这场辩论的背景。她提供了充分的证据，不仅在高中期间适度工作（20小时或更少）无害，而且稳定，低强度的就业实际上可能会改善青年的发展成果。1987年，莫蒂默发起了一项纵向研究，旨在评估有偿工作的数量和质量如何影响青年的发展成果。该项目最初由明尼苏达州的1,010名九年级学生组成，他们在高中毕业后（1998年）接受了7年的随访。参与者留存率是本研究的众多优势之一。莫蒂默在研究的第四年有93%的保留率（参与者是老年人），在1998年，75.9%的原始参与者仍然参与其中。研究设计也是一个很好的研究。从学生和他们的父母那里收集了定量和定性数据，以揭示工作和非工作青年的发展过程和轨迹。在美国工作和成长不仅增加了关于有偿工作对青年发展的影响的知识体系，而且也是可信的社会科学研究的一个很好的例子。这无疑是一个庞大的研究项目，但莫蒂默采用了舒适，易于理解的语气在整个书。她说话温和，但系统地驳斥了所有反对有偿青年工作的常见论点。每章以相关研究文献的概述开始，并以简明的总结结束。研究的局限性是明确指出的。作者承认，自我报告的数据中存在固有的问题，研究结果可能会也可能不会推广到其他人群或地理区域。第一章生动地介绍了关于青年是否应该从事有偿工作的辩论。莫蒂默为后面的章节做了铺垫，对美国青年就业情况进行了简要的社会历史描述，并平衡地介绍了有酬工作对青年的潜在积极和消极影响。她在第二章介绍了青年发展研究（YDS），在那里她详细介绍了数据收集协议。在第三章中，莫蒂默讨论了青年如何在各种活动中分配时间。她区分了家务劳动、学校工作、志愿工作和有偿工作，然后提出了一个令人信服的理由，即发展成果可能与个人（主观）对每种类型的"工作"的看法有关。"她介绍了一种以工作时间和强度为特征的青年工作类型。确定的类别在整本书中非常有用，有助于理解青年发展的复杂过程如何受到有偿就业的影响。第4章探讨了与前面讨论的其他青年工作环境相关的有薪青年工作。…
Working and Growing Up in America. Jeylan T. Mortimer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2003. 304 pp. ISBN 0-674-00923-1. $45.00 (cloth). Does paid work interfere with youth's educational and/or extracurricular activities, thus decreasing youth's chances for positive developmental outcomes? The controversy over whether adolescents should engage in paid work has brewed for decades. Jeylan T. Mortimer, in Working and Growing Up in America, dramatically changes the context of the debate. She provides ample evidence that not only is working in moderation (20 hours or less) through high school not harmful but that steady, low-intensity employment may actually improve developmental outcomes for youth. In 1987, Mortimer initiated a longitudinal study designed to assess how the quantity and quality of paid work affect developmental outcomes of youth. The project began with an initial group of 1,010 Minnesota ninth graders, who were followed through 7 years post-high school (1998). The participant retention rate is one of the many strengths of this study. Mortimer boasts 93% retention at year 4 of the study (participants were seniors), and in 1998, 75.9% of the original participants were still involved. The research design is also an excellent study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the students and their parents in order to reveal the developmental processes and trajectories of both working and nonworking youth. Working and Growing Up in America not only adds to the body of knowledge regarding the consequences of paid work on youth development but is also a fine example of credible social science research. This was inarguably a massive research project, yet Mortimer adopts a comfortable, easy-to-understand tone throughout the book. She speaks softly, yet systematically refutes all of the usual arguments against paid youth work. Each chapter begins with an overview of relevant research literature and concludes with a concise summary. The limitations of the research are clearly indicated. The author acknowledges that problems are inherent in self-reported data, and that findings may or may not be generalizable to other populations or geographic regions. Chapter 1 is a lively introduction to the debate over whether youth should engage in paid work. Mortimer sets the stage for later chapters with a brief sociohistorical account of youth employment in the United States, and a balanced presentation of the potential positive and negative consequences of paid work for youth. She introduces the Youth Development Study (YDS) in Chapter 2, where she details the data collection protocols. In Chapter 3, Mortimer discusses how youth allocate time among various activities. She differentiates between household work, schoolwork, volunteer work, and paid work, and then makes a compelling case that developmental outcomes may be related to individual (subjective) perceptions of each type of "work." She introduces a typology of youth work characterized by duration and intensity of work. The identified categories are quite useful throughout the book for understanding how the complex processes of youth development can be affected by paid employment. Chapter 4 explores paid youth work relative to the other youth work environments previously discussed. …