To protect or neglect? Design, monitoring, and evaluation of a law enforcement strategy to recover small populations of wild tigers and their prey
To protect or neglect? Design, monitoring, and evaluation of a law enforcement strategy to recover small populations of wild tigers and their prey
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.018
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Strindberg, Samantha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Arlyne;Goodrich, John;Strindberg, Samantha
许多剩余的野生老虎种群在密度不到其估计承载能力一半的地点持续存在，数量很少，如果不防止偷猎，将继续下降。虽然执法经常被用来保护老虎和它们的猎物，但执法在恢复小种群野生老虎方面可能有效的条件并不清楚。我们评估了执法策略的有效性，以恢复老虎和他们的猎物在老挝人民民主共和国广泛的栖息地提供了有利条件，老虎数量大幅增加，如果保护偷猎。在七年的时间里，我们沿着一个理论的变化进行监测，以评估关于中间结果和生物结果之间因果关系的假设。尽管我们发现执法资金和巡逻天数之间存在很强的正相关性，（rs = 0.786，n = 7，p = 0.05），巡逻天数与单位努力的总狩猎量之间呈显著负相关（rs =-0.893，n = 7，p < 0.05），最终，诱捕的增加与老虎丰度的几个指数的下降有关。我们的结论是，行动足以减少偷猎和增加猎物种群，但不足以减少灭绝的老虎。恢复小种群的高价值野生动物，如老虎在有前途的来源网站是依赖于建立一个完整的执法制度，互补的战略，建立支持的执法制度，以及灵活的监测和评估系统敏捷的适应性管理。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Many remaining wild tiger populations persist in small numbers at sites where densities are less than half of their estimated carrying capacity and will continue to decline if not protected from poaching. Although law enforcement is frequently used to protect tigers and their prey, the conditions under which enforcement is likely to be effective in recovering small populations of wild tigers are not well understood. We evaluated the effectiveness of a law enforcement strategy to recover tigers and their prey in Lao PDR where extensive habitat provided favorable conditions for large increases in tiger numbers if protected from poaching. Over a seven-year period, we monitored along a theory of change to evaluate assumptions about the causal linkages between intermediate results and biological outcomes. Although we found a strong positive correlation between funding for enforcement and days patrolled (rs = 0.786, n = 7, p = 0.05) and a significant negative correlation between days patrolled and overall hunting catch per unit effort (rs = -0.893,n = 7, p < 0.05), ultimately a proliferation in snaring was associated with decline in several indices of tiger abundance. We conclude that actions were sufficient to reduce poaching and increase prey populations, but insufficient to curtail extirpation of tigers. Recovering small populations of high-value wildlife such as tigers in promising source sites is dependent on establishing a complete enforcement regime, complimentary strategies that build support for the enforcement regime, and a nimble monitoring and evaluation system for agile adaptive management. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.