Performance analysis of ST-DM watermarking in presence of nonadditive attacks
Performance analysis of ST-DM watermarking in presence of nonadditive attacks
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DOI：
10.1109/tsp.2004.833868
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发表时间：
2004-10
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
F. Bartolini;M. Barni;A. Piva
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Bartolini;M. Barni;A. Piva
评估了在存在两类重要的非加性攻击（例如增益攻击加噪声加法和量化攻击）的情况下扩展变换抖动调制（ST-DM）水印的性能。该分析是在以下假设下进行的：主特征是独立且同分布的高斯随机变量，并且使用最小距离准则来解码隐藏信息。理论误码概率以封闭形式导出，从而允许在理论水平上评估所考虑的攻击对水印的影响。该分析通过广泛的蒙特卡罗模拟进行了验证。除了理论分析的验证之外，蒙特卡罗模拟还允许放弃正态分布的宿主特征的假设，转而采用采用拉普拉斯或广义高斯概率密度函数的更现实的模型。我们分析的总体结果是，除了增益攻击之外，ST-DM 的优异性能在所有情况下都得到了证实。
The performance of spread-transform dither modulation (ST-DM) watermarking in the presence of two important classes of non additive attacks, such as the gain attack plus noise addition, and the quantization attack are evaluated. The analysis is developed under the assumption that the host features are independent and identically distributed Gaussian random variables, and that a minimum distance criterion is used to decode the hidden information. The theoretical bit-error probabilities are derived in closed form, thus permitting to evaluate the impact of the considered attacks on the watermark at a theoretical level. The analysis is validated by means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations. In addition to the validation of the theoretical analysis, Monte Carlo simulations permitted to abandon the hypothesis of normally distributed host features, in favor of more realistic models adopting a Laplacian or a generalized Gaussian probability density function. The general result of our analysis is that the excellent performance of ST-DM are confirmed in all cases with the only noticeable exception of the gain attack.