Adolescent Health 3 Worldwide application of prevention science in adolescent health
Adolescent Health 3 Worldwide application of prevention science in adolescent health
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60238-4
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发表时间：
2012-04-28
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Shek, Daniel T. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Catalano, Richard F.;Fagan, Abigail A.;Shek, Daniel T. L.
非传染性疾病的发病率和死亡率在全世界都有所上升，在低收入和中等收入国家正在加速上升，而传染病的负担则有所下降。自这一过渡以来，预防非传染性疾病以及导致青少年死亡的传染性疾病的重要性有所提高。增加短期或长期发病率和死亡率可能性的问题行为，包括酗酒、吸烟和滥用其他药物、心理健康问题、不安全性行为、危险和不安全驾驶以及暴力行为，在很大程度上是可以预防的。在过去的30年里，新的发现导致预防科学被确立为一门旨在减轻这些问题行为的学科。纵向研究提供了对许多这些问题行为在整个生命过程中的风险和保护因素的理解。风险在整个发展过程中聚集在一起，导致儿童期风险的早期积累和青少年期风险的普遍存在。这种认识导致制定了适合发展的预防政策和方案，这些政策和方案显示出这些青少年问题行为的短期和长期减少。我们描述了预防科学的原则，提供了有效的预防干预措施的例子，描述了挑战和潜在的解决方案，采取有效的预防政策和方案的规模，并得出结论，建议通过预防性干预措施，以减少全球青少年死亡率和发病率的负担。
The burden of morbidity and mortality from non-communicable disease has risen worldwide and is accelerating in low-income and middle-income countries, whereas the burden from infectious diseases has declined. Since this transition, the prevention of non-communicable disease as well as communicable disease causes of adolescent mortality has risen in importance. Problem behaviours that increase the short-term or long-term likelihood of morbidity and mortality, including alcohol, tobacco, and other drug misuse, mental health problems, unsafe sex, risky and unsafe driving, and violence are largely preventable. In the past 30 years new discoveries have led to prevention science being established as a discipline designed to mitigate these problem behaviours. Longitudinal studies have provided an understanding of risk and protective factors across the life course for many of these problem behaviours. Risks cluster across development to produce early accumulation of risk in childhood and more pervasive risk in adolescence. This understanding has led to the construction of developmentally appropriate prevention policies and programmes that have shown short-term and long-term reductions in these adolescent problem behaviours. We describe the principles of prevention science, provide examples of efficacious preventive interventions, describe challenges and potential solutions to take efficacious prevention policies and programmes to scale, and conclude with recommendations to reduce the burden of adolescent mortality and morbidity worldwide through preventive intervention.