When Bad Guys Become Good Ones: The Key Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide in the Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress.
When Bad Guys Become Good Ones: The Key Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide in the Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2016.00471
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Oliveira JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farnese FS;Menezes-Silva PE;Gusman GS;Oliveira JA
植物的自然环境是由一系列复杂的非生物胁迫组成的，它们对这些胁迫的响应能力是高度灵活的，并且通过信号分子之间的相互作用而达到精细的平衡。在本文中，我们重点介绍了活性氧（ROS）和活性氮（RNS）之间的综合作用，特别是一氧化氮（NO），参与了对不同非生物胁迫的适应。在逆境条件下，ROS和NO的生物合成、运输和代谢影响植物的响应机制。参与ROS和NO合成和清除的酶可以在不同的细胞区室中发现，并且它们的时间和空间位置是信号传导机制的决定性因素。ROS和NO都参与长距离信号传导（ROS波和GSNO运输），促进对非生物胁迫的获得性系统适应。由ROS和NO触发的非生物胁迫响应机制涉及一些一般步骤，如抗氧化系统的增强，但也有胁迫特异性机制，根据胁迫类型（干旱，缺氧，重金属等），并需要与其他信号分子如MAPK、植物激素和钙相互作用。ROS和NO生物活性的转导涉及蛋白质的翻译后修饰，特别是ROS的S-谷胱甘肽化和NO的S-亚硝基化。这些变化可能会改变活性，稳定性和与其他分子或蛋白质的亚细胞位置的相互作用，改变整个细胞动力学并有助于维持稳态。然而，尽管最近关于ROS和NO在信号级联中的作用的研究取得了进展，但仍然存在许多挑战，未来的研究仍然需要关注这些分子在植物中的信号传导。
The natural environment of plants is composed of a complex set of abiotic stresses and their ability to respond to these stresses is highly flexible and finely balanced through the interaction between signaling molecules. In this review, we highlight the integrated action between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), particularly nitric oxide (NO), involved in the acclimation to different abiotic stresses. Under stressful conditions, the biosynthesis transport and the metabolism of ROS and NO influence plant response mechanisms. The enzymes involved in ROS and NO synthesis and scavenging can be found in different cells compartments and their temporal and spatial locations are determinant for signaling mechanisms. Both ROS and NO are involved in long distances signaling (ROS wave and GSNO transport), promoting an acquired systemic acclimation to abiotic stresses. The mechanisms of abiotic stresses response triggered by ROS and NO involve some general steps, as the enhancement of antioxidant systems, but also stress-specific mechanisms, according to the stress type (drought, hypoxia, heavy metals, etc.), and demand the interaction with other signaling molecules, such as MAPK, plant hormones, and calcium. The transduction of ROS and NO bioactivity involves post-translational modifications of proteins, particularly S-glutathionylation for ROS, and S-nitrosylation for NO. These changes may alter the activity, stability, and interaction with other molecules or subcellular location of proteins, changing the entire cell dynamics and contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis. However, despite the recent advances about the roles of ROS and NO in signaling cascades, many challenges remain, and future studies focusing on the signaling of these molecules in planta are still necessary.