Unintentional drownings among New York state residents, 1988-1994
Unintentional drownings among New York state residents, 1988-1994
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DOI：
10.1093/phr/118.5.448
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Stark, AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Browne, ML;Lewis-Michl, EL;Stark, AD
Objective.本研究探讨了溺水发生的情况（环境风险因素）和受害者的个人风险因素（年龄，性别，使用个人漂浮装置，医疗条件，酒精或药物使用），为未来的溺水预防工作提供指导。作者调查了1988年至1994年纽约州居民中的883例非浴缸溺水事件，除了死亡证明数据外，还使用了法医、验尸官、警察和/或医院记录。男性、0-4岁儿童和居住在纽约市以外的纽约州的5-14岁非裔美国男性的溺水率最高。所有年龄组的大多数溺水事件都发生在自然水体中，0-4岁的儿童除外。0-4岁儿童的溺水大多发生在住宅游泳池。儿童通常通过不适当的围栏、敞开或无效的大门或梯子（通往地面上的游泳池）进入游泳池。不到10%的船只溺水受害者佩戴了个人漂浮装置。在250名15岁及以上的人中，有44%的人血液酒精浓度（BAC）检测呈阳性，其中30%的人BAC为100 mg/dl或更高。建议的预防工作包括更严格地执行住宅游泳池的围栏要求，以及强调在划船时使用个人漂浮装置以及将酒精和水混合在一起的危险的溺水预防教育。
Objective. This study examines situations in which drownings occur (environmental risk factors) and the victims' personal risk factors (age, gender, use of personal flotation device, medical condition, alcohol or drug use) to provide guidance for future drowning prevention efforts.Methods. The authors investigated 883 non-bathtub drownings among New York State residents for the years 1988 to 1994 using medical examiner, coroner, police, and/or hospital records in addition to death certificate data.Results. Males, children ages 0-4 years, and African American males ages 5-14 years residing in New York State outside New York City experienced the highest rates of drowning. The majority of drownings occurred in a natural body of water for all age groups, with the exception of children ages 0-4 years. Most drownings among children ages 0-4 years occurred in residential swimming pools. The child usually gained access to the pool via inadequate fencing, an open or ineffective gate, or a ladder (to an above-ground pool) left in the "down" position. Less than 10% of victims of watercraft-related drownings were wearing personal flotation devices. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) tests were positive for 44% of 250 persons 15 years of age and older for whom valid toxicology results were provided; 30% had BACs of 100 mg/dl or more.Conclusions. Suggested prevention efforts include stricter enforcement of fencing requirements for residential swimming pools and drowning prevention education stressing personal flotation device use while boating and the danger of mixing alcohol and water-related activities.