Section 9 in a time of COVID: Substantive equality, economic inclusion and positive duties
Section 9 in a time of COVID: Substantive equality, economic inclusion and positive duties
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新冠疫情时期的第 9 条：实质性平等、经济包容和积极义务
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
C. Albertyn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Albertyn
摘要在新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19，即2019冠状病毒病）导致不平等和贫困加剧的大背景下，本文探讨了三个与平等相关的案例，这些案例涉及经济救济的分配，以减轻南非疫情的影响。在此过程中，它探讨了三个广泛的主题。首先，这些案件揭示了对平等的含义和平等权的适用正在进行的政治和法律的辩论。第二，第9（3）条保护不受不公平歧视的强大包容性趋势与执行不力以及经济包容和（再）分配问题对这一趋势施加的限制之间存在脱节。第三，法院如何理解种族、性别和其他不利标准在紧急救济分配中的地位。总的来说，它勾勒出法院对实质性平等的承诺的轮廓。在这里，它强调了他们在经济包容性和新兴的解释性方法中的作用，这种方法引起了宪法规定的政府在经济救济问题上考虑种族和性别劣势的积极义务。报告认为，这一发展符合社会经济权利案件中出现的积极义务判例，可以进一步发展这种判例，使国家对实现实质性平等负责。
Abstract Within the broad context of deepening inequality and poverty under Covid-19, this article examines three equality-related cases that address the distribution of economic relief to mitigate the effects of the pandemic in South Africa. In doing so, it explores three broad themes. First, what the cases reveal about ongoing political and legal contestation over the meaning of equality and the application of the equality right. Second, the disjuncture that exists between the powerful inclusive tendencies of the s 9(3) protection against unfair discrimination and the limits imposed on this by poor implementation and questions of economic inclusion and (re)distribution. Third, how courts understand the place of race, gender and other criteria of disadvantage in the distribution of emergency relief. Overall it draws out the contours of the courts’ commitment to substantive equality. Here it emphasises their role in economic inclusion and an emerging interpretive approach which gives rise to constitutionally mandated positive duties on government to consider race and gender disadvantage in questions of economic relief. This development, it suggests, fits with an emergent positive duties jurisprudence in socio-economic rights cases that can be further developed to hold the state accountable for the achievement of substantive equality.