Analysis of early Japanese meteorological data and historical weather documents to reconstruct the winter climate between the 1840s and the early 1850s
Analysis of early Japanese meteorological data and historical weather documents to reconstruct the winter climate between the 1840s and the early 1850s
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DOI：
10.5194/cp-18-327-2022
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发表时间：
2022-02
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
J. Hirano;T. Mikami;M. Zaiki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hirano;T. Mikami;M. Zaiki
抽象的。东亚冬季风导致日本岛屿迎风面（面向日本海和西北冬季风气流）的地形降雪和日本周围的负温度异常。日本古代日记中记录的每日天气信息，可以提供有关降雪日历史发生情况的有用信息。在这里，这些信息相结合，最近恢复早期的每日仪器温度数据收集在19世纪世纪重建冬季季风爆发日（WMDs）的发生从19世纪40年代到19世纪50年代初在日本。对大规模毁灭性武器年际和季节内变化的分析显示，19世纪40年代初冬季风爆发活跃。在1840/41和1841/42年，这些与中国中部和南部报告的极端降雪事件同步发生。然而，在19世纪40年代中期和1853/1854年的中冬至晚冬，冬季风没有爆发。对日本中部的Suwa湖的冰冻记录表明，在1844/1845和1853/1854年期间，该湖没有结冰，这与我们发现的这些年冬季风不活跃的情况相一致。WMD的发生与早期仪器地面气压资料的比较显示，WMD与冬季风的活跃阶段，东亚地区的东西向地面气压梯度所代表的。
Abstract. The East Asian winter monsoon causes orographic snowfall over the windward side of the Japanese islands (facing the Sea of Japan and the northwesterly winter monsoon flow) and negative temperature anomalies around Japan. Daily weather information recorded in old Japanese diaries can provide useful information on the historical occurrences of snowfall days. Here, this information was combined with recently recovered early daily instrumental temperature data collected during the 19th century to reconstruct the occurrence of winter monsoon outbreak days (WMDs) from the 1840s to the early 1850s in Japan. Analyses of interannual and intra-seasonal variations in WMDs revealed active winter monsoon outbreaks in the early 1840s. In 1840/41 and 1841/42, these synchronously occurred with extreme snow events reported in central and southern China. However, winter monsoon outbreaks were absent during the middle to late winters of the mid-1840s and 1853/1854. Freezing records of Lake Suwa in central Japan showed that it did not freeze during 1844/1845 and 1853/1854, which was in agreement with our finding of inactive winter monsoons in these years. Comparing the occurrences of WMDs with early instrumental surface pressure data revealed that WMDs were associated with the active phases of the winter monsoon, as represented by an east–west surface pressure gradient over East Asia.