Sexually distinct development of vocal pathways in Xenopus laevis.
Sexually distinct development of vocal pathways in Xenopus laevis.
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非洲爪蟾声音通路的性别差异发育。
DOI：
10.1002/dneu.20822
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Smith,Shane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamaguchi,Ayako;Muñoz,MarthaM;Bose,TinaO;Oberlander,JosephG;Smith,Shane
确定性规则，而不是经验，被认为是调节脊椎动物和无脊椎动物简单行为的发展。我们通过研究非洲爪蛙（Xenopus laevis）的性别差异发声来重新审视这个问题，这是一种性成熟雄性和雌性使用的生殖行为。我们发现，正如对简单行为的预期，女性发声是通过确定性规则发展的。雌幼鸟罕见的叫声与成年雌鸟的叫声难以区分。通过喉肌（发声肌）的收缩特性和喉运动神经元体（发声神经元）的大小来测量，幼年雌性的发声通路是发育的默认状态，在成熟时不会分化。相比之下，雄性在性成熟之前就可以用基本的声学结构产生广泛的发声。此外，在肌纤维和运动神经元完全男性化之前，声带中枢模式发生器的功能特性就已经成熟。研究结果表明，发育过程中的神经元活动可能对雄性爪蟾肌纤维的收缩特性的组织起重要作用，而对雌性爪蟾并不起作用。©2010 Wiley期刊公司中国生物医学工程学报（英文版）39 (5):862-874,2010
Deterministic rules, rather than experience, are thought to regulate the development of simple behaviors in vertebrates and invertebrates. We revisited this issue through examination of the sexually distinct vocalizations of African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis), a reproductive behavior used by sexually mature males and females. We discovered that, as expected for simple behavior, female vocalizations develop through deterministic rules. The rare calls of juvenile females are indistinguishable from those of adult females. The vocal pathways of juvenile females, as measured by the contractile properties of the laryngeal muscles (the vocal muscles) and the laryngeal motoneuron somata (vocal motoneurons) size, are the developmental default and do not differentiate as they mature. MaleXenopus, in contrast, produce extensive vocalizations with rudimentary acoustic structure before reaching sexual maturity. Moreover, the functional properties of the vocal central pattern generator mature before muscle fibers and motoneuron size are fully masculinized. The results suggest that neuronal activity during development may be important in organizing the contractile properties of the muscle fibers in male, but not in femaleXenopus. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 862–874, 2010