Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Friend or Foe in Immune-Mediated Diseases
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Friend or Foe in Immune-Mediated Diseases
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DOI：
10.1007/s12015-014-9583-3
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Stojkovic, Miodrag
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gazdic, Marina;Volarevic, Vladislav;Stojkovic, Miodrag
间充质干细胞（MSC）是成体的，自我再生的，多能的细胞，可以在几乎所有的出生后组织中发现。由于其自我更新和分化成中胚层来源的组织的能力以及由于其免疫调节能力，MSC在许多临床前和临床研究中用作用于自身免疫性或退行性疾病治疗的可能的新治疗剂。依赖于它们所暴露的炎症环境，MSC采用免疫抑制或促炎表型。在高水平促炎细胞因子存在下或通过Toll样受体（TLR）-3活化，MSC采用免疫抑制表型并抑制专职抗原呈递细胞（树突状细胞、巨噬细胞、B淋巴细胞）、T淋巴细胞、NK细胞、NKT细胞和中性粒细胞的增殖、活化和效应子功能。在炎症的早期阶段，通过TLR 4活化和在低水平的炎性细胞因子的存在下，MSC采用促炎表型，促进中性粒细胞和T细胞活化并增强免疫应答。在这里，我们回顾了目前的研究结果，免疫调节可塑性的间充质干细胞参与调节免疫反应。
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult, self-renewable, multipotent cells that can be found in almost all postnatal tissues. Because of their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into tissues of mesodermal origin and due to their immunomodulatory ability, MSCs are used in many preclinical and clinical studies as possible new therapeutic agents for the autoimmune or degenerative diseases treatment. In dependence of inflammatory environment to which they are exposed to, MSCs adopt immunosuppressive or pro-inflammatory phenotype. In the presence of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines or through activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, MSCs adopt an immune-suppressive phenotype and suppress the proliferation, activation and effector function of professional antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages, B lymphocytes), T lymphocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, and neutrophils. During the early phase of inflammation, through TLR4 activation and in the presence of low levels of inflammatory cytokines, MSCs adopt a pro-inflammatory phenotype, promote neutrophil and T cell activation and enhance immune response. Here we review the current findings on the immunoregulatory plasticity of MSCs involved in regulation of immune response.