Comparative studies of two species of predacious phytoseiid mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), with special reference to their responses to the density of their prey
Comparative studies of two species of predacious phytoseiid mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), with special reference to their responses to the density of their prey
复制标题
两种捕食性植绥螨（螨虫：植绥科）的比较研究，特别是它们对猎物密度的反应
DOI：
10.1007/bf02530777
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发表时间：
1976
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. A. Chant
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Takafuji;D. A. Chant
在实验室研究了2种捕食性植绥螨（Tetranychus pacificus McG.，菜豆植绥螨的潜在增长率大于退化伊菲绥螨（Iphiseius degenerans（Berl.）甚至比猎物还要大。这种差异主要归因于日产卵率的差异。P.persimilis的搜索能力比I.退化型，能发育、生存和产卵，对猎物的要求较低。Persimilis在猎物密度高的区域集中聚集产卵，而I.退化者没有表现出任何这样的反应，而是避开了被猎物的网覆盖的区域。这些结果表明，P.persimilis可以实现其高的潜在种群增长率在较低的猎物密度，因此在一个更广泛的猎物密度范围比I。变性人P.persimilis迅速增加其人口的增加，以回应猎物人口的增加，并迅速降低猎物密度到非常低的水平。在某些情况下，P. persimilis完全消除了单一食物植物上的猎物种群，但在其他情况下，它允许它们重新出现，因为捕食者从植物中分散开来，留下一些猎物未被吃掉。由于植绥螨在不连续分布的食用植物中的成功扩散率被认为是很低的，因此捕食者种群在扩散过程中的密度依赖死亡率似乎很重要。I.退化原蜱比P.persimilis具有更高的捕食能力，但由于它避开了高密度的猎物区域，因此没有达到其全部能力。这导致了严重的限制产卵。因此，两个种群的空间分布存在差异。这些因素使我。在任何猎物密度下都是无效的然而，当猎物稀少时，这个物种似乎能够通过以植物材料作为替代食物来源来维持其种群。
In laboratory investigations on the responses of 2 predacious phytoseiid mites to the density of their prey (Tetranychus pacificus McG., a pest of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus)), the potential rate of increase of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot was greater than that of Iphiseius degenerans (Berl.) and was even greater than that of the prey. The difference was mainly attributed to differences between the daily oviposition rates. P. persimilis had a much higher searching capacity then I. degenerans, and could develop, survive and oviposit with lower requirements for prey. P. persimilis aggregated intensively to areas of high prey density and concentrated its oviposition in these areas, whereas I. degenerans did not show any such responses, but rather avoided the areas covered by the webbing of its prey. It is suggested from these results that P. persimilis can achieve its high potential rate of population increase at lower prey densities and therefore over a much wider range of prey densities than can I. degenerans. P. persimilis quickly increased its population in response to an increase of the prey population, and rapidly reduced the prey density to very low levels. In some cases, P. persimilis completely eliminated the prey population on single food-plants, but in others it permitted their resurgence, because the predators dispersed from the plants leaving a few prey uneaten. Because the rate of successful dispersal of phytoseiid mites among food-plants which are distributed discontinuously is thought to be very low, the density-dependent mortality of the predator populations during dispersal seemed important. I. degenerans had a much higher capacity for consuming prey than P. persimilis, but did not achieve its full capacity because it avoided areas of high prey density. This resulted in a severe restriction of oviposition. As a consequence, there was a discrepancy between the spatial distributions of the 2 populations. These factors made I. degenerans ineffective at any level of prey density. However, this species seemed able to maintain its population by feeding on plant materials as an alternative source of food when prey were scarce.