Invasion trajectory of alien trees: the role of introduction pathway and planting history
Invasion trajectory of alien trees: the role of introduction pathway and planting history
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.12486
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Wilson, John R. U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donaldson, Jason E.;Hui, Cang;Wilson, John R. U.
全球变化正在推动世界生物群的大规模重组。分布转移的轨迹受物种特征、接收环境和驱动力的影响，其中许多驱动力直接归因于人类活动。在确定引进物种的分布时，每一种的相对重要性尚不清楚。我们考虑了11种因不同原因（商业林业、沙丘稳定和装饰）引入南非的澳大利亚金合欢物种，以确定引入途径的特征如何塑造了它们的入侵历史。利用物种分布模型（SDMs）进行预测，以评估引进的原因如何影响本地和外来范围内气候覆盖度之间的相似性。建立了一个理想化入侵的格点模型，以评估在模拟入侵过程中，内在性状和引进动态对入侵丰度和程度的相对贡献。SDMs表明，南非观赏物种的外来种群所占据的气候空间与其本地种群所占据的气候空间有很大不同，而为林业引进的物种在本地和引进的物种所占据的气候空间相似。这可能部分解释了在一些外来观赏植物中观察到的缓慢传播速度。随着目前对“生态花园”的推动，这种不匹配可能会变得不那么明显，这导致了更多的观赏物种的引入，在本地和新引入的地区之间有着密切的气候匹配。晶格模型的结果表明，与引种途径相关的条件（尤其是引种压力）在早期入侵动力学中起主导作用。城市地区引入点的设置限制了入侵种群的范围和丰度。引入事件的特征最初似乎掩盖了物种内在特征对入侵的影响，并有助于解释为不同目的引入的物种的相对成功。因此，引进动态可以对物种再分布的结果产生长期影响，必须在管理计划中明确考虑。
Global change is driving a massive rearrangement of the world's biota. Trajectories of distributional shifts are shaped by species traits, the recipient environment and driving forces with many of the driving forces directly due to human activities. The relative importance of each in determining the distributions of introduced species is poorly understood. We consider 11 Australian Acacia species introduced to South Africa for different reasons (commercial forestry, dune stabilization and ornamentation) to determine how features of the introduction pathway have shaped their invasion history. Projections from species distribution models (SDMs) were developed to assess how the reason for introduction influences the similarity between climatic envelopes in native and alien ranges. A lattice model for an idealized invasion was developed to assess the relative contribution of intrinsic traits and introduction dynamics on the abundance and extent over the course of simulated invasions. SDMs show that alien populations of ornamental species in South Africa occupy substantially different climate space from their native ranges, whereas species introduced for forestry occupy a similar climate space in native and introduced ranges. This may partly explain the slow spread rates observed for some alien ornamental plants. Such mismatches are likely to become less pronounced with the current drive towards 'eco gardens' resulting in more introductions of ornamental species with a close climate match between native and newly introduced regions. The results from the lattice model showed that the conditions associated with the introduction pathway (especially introduction pressure) dominate early invasion dynamics. The placement of introduction foci in urban areas limited the extent and abundance of invasive populations. Features of introduction events appear to initially mask the influence of intrinsic species traits on invasions and help to explain the relative success of species introduced for different purposes. Introduction dynamics therefore can have long-lasting influences on the outcomes of species redistributions, and must be explicitly considered in management plans.