The global circulation
The global circulation
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DOI：
10.1017/9781139060172.009
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发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Barnes;R. Haberle;R. Wilson;S. Lewis;J. Murphy;P. Read
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Barnes;R. Haberle;R. Wilson;S. Lewis;J. Murphy;P. Read
火星是一颗相对较小的沙漠行星，目前只有稀薄的大气。这些基本属性都直接反映在它的全球环流中，这在许多方面与地球上的环流基本相似，但在其他方面却截然不同。对火星大气全球环流的研究有着令人惊讶的悠久历史，这是因为基本的陆地相似性和非常早期的火星航天器任务。在过去20年中，航天器观测的虚拟爆炸使火星的全球大气环流成为太阳系中除地球以外最具特征和最好了解的大气环流。与地球相比，我们对火星全球大气环流的了解仍然相当有限：直风观测非常少，地面气压观测非常少，当地时间对全球观测的覆盖非常有限。目前，我们对火星上的行星边界层(与地球相比可能非常深)的了解是有限的。只有在广泛的数值模拟的帮助下，我们对火星大气全球环流的基本理解才得以充实。火星的数据同化工作仍处于相对早期的阶段，但如果继续获得对全球大气的观测，这些工作肯定会在未来具有巨大的潜力。
Mars is a relatively small, desert planet with only a thin atmosphere at present. These basic properties are all directly reflected in its global circulation, which is fundamentally similar to that on Earth in many ways, but very different in other ways. The investigation of the global circulation of the Martian atmosphere has a surprisingly long history, as a result of the basic terrestrial similarities and the very early spacecraft missions to Mars. The virtual explosion in spacecraft observations during the last two decades has made the global atmospheric circulation of Mars by far the best characterized and understood atmospheric circulation in the Solar System, other than that of Earth. By comparison with Earth our knowledge of the global atmospheric circulation of Mars remains quite limited: there are extremely few direct wind observations, very few surface pressure observations, and the local time coverage of the global observations is very limited. Our knowledge of the planetary boundary layer (which can be extremely deep by comparison to Earth) on Mars is limited at present. It is only with the aid of extensive numerical modeling that our fundamental understanding of the global circulation of the Martian atmosphere has been fleshed out. Data assimilation efforts for Mars are still at a relatively early stage but these certainly have great potential for the future – if observations of the global atmosphere continue to be obtained.