Bio-Ecological Diversity vs. Socio-Economic Diversity: A Comparison of Existing Measures
Bio-Ecological Diversity vs. Socio-Economic Diversity: A Comparison of Existing Measures
复制标题
生物生态多样性与社会经济多样性：现有措施的比较
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.389043
复制
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Rullani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Ottaviano;D. Pinelli;Carole J. Maignan;F. Rullani
本文旨在丰富衡量经济学多样性的标准工具箱。在此过程中，我们将经济学家使用的多样性指标与生物学家和生态学家使用的指标进行了比较。生态学家和生物学家关注生物多样性：生活在特定地区的有机体的多样性。物种多样性的概念已经形成，如阿尔法(群落内的多样性)、贝塔(群落间的多样性)和伽马(由于样品合并成单一样品时的差异而导致的多样性)(Whittaker，1960)。生物多样性不仅仅是现存的物种，它还包括物种的丰富度和物种的均衡性。多样性的这些方面是通过生物多样性指数来衡量的，如Simpson多样性指数、物种丰富度指数、Shannon Weaver多样性指数、Patil和Taillie指数、修正的Hill比率。在经济学中，多样性衡量是多方面的，从不平等(洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数、五分位数分布)到两极分化(Esteban和Ray，1994；Wolfon，1994，D‘Ambrosio(2001))和异质性(Alesina，Baqir和Hoxby，2000)。我们建议在指标之间进行跨学科比较。我们回顾了它们的理论背景和应用。我们根据它们的特定性质对它们的可能用途进行了评估。
This paper aims to enrich the standard toolbox for measuring diversity in economics. In so doing, we compare the indicators of diversity used by economists with those used by biologists and ecologists. Ecologists and biologists are concerned about biodiversity: the diversity of organisms that inhabit a given area. Concepts of species diversity such as alpha (diversity within community), beta (diversity across communities) and gamma (diversity due to differences among samples when they are combined into a single sample) have been developed (Whittaker, 1960). Biodiversity is more complex than just the species that are present, it includes species richness and species evenness. Those various aspects of diversity are measured by biodiversity indices such as Simpson’s Diversity Indices, Species Richness Index, Shannon Weaver Diversity Indices, Patil and Taillie Index, Modified Hill’s Ratio. In economics, diversity measures are multi-faceted ranging from inequality (Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, quintile distribution), to polarisation (Esteban and Ray, 1994; Wolfon, 1994, D’Ambrosio (2001)) and heterogeneity (Alesina, Baqir and Hoxby, 2000). We propose an interdisciplinary comparison between indicators. We review their theoretical background and applications. We provide an assessment of their possible use according to their specific properties.