Synthetic faces, face cubes, and the geometry of face space
Synthetic faces, face cubes, and the geometry of face space
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DOI：
10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00362-0
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Wilkinson, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilson, HR;Loffler, G;Wilkinson, F
为了简化视觉人脸处理的研究，我们引入了一类基于37个测量（头部形状，特征位置等）的合成人脸刺激。从正面和20度侧视图中的个人面部照片中提取。合成的脸是带通滤波的最佳人脸感知，包括线和边缘信息。初步实验表明，受试者在将合成人脸与原始灰度照片进行匹配时非常准确。即使是跨视图。为了确定人脸空间的感知度量，我们引入了人脸立方体，其中可以精确地确定四维人脸子空间中任何人脸之间的几何差异。使用人脸立方体进行人脸识别的实验将合成人脸空间的度量建立为局部欧几里德，识别阈值代表4- 6%，人脸之间的总几何变化（作为平均头部半径的百分比）。区分阈值是最低的平均脸周围构建的脸立方体，从而表明，平均面对每个性别代表一个自然的起源，面对空间。最后，合成的面孔表现出明显的倒置效果为20度的侧视图和一个典型的“撒切尔效应”倒置的前视图。因此，合成面孔和面孔立方体提供了一个有用的新的定量方法来研究人脸感知和人脸空间。(C)2002爱思唯尔科技有限公司。保留所有权利。
To simplify the study of visual face processing, we introduce a novel class of synthetic face stimuli based upon 37 measurements (head shape, feature locations, etc.) extracted from individual face photographs in both frontal and 20degrees side views. Synthetic faces are bandpass filtered optimally for face perception and include both line and edge information. Pilot experiments establish that subjects are extremely accurate in matching a synthetic face with the original grayscale photograph. even across views. To determine the perceptual metric of face space, we introduce face cubes in which the geometric differences between any faces in a four-dimensional face subspace can be precisely determined. Experiments on face discrimination using face cubes establish the metric of synthetic face space as locally Euclidean, with discrimination thresholds representing 4-6%, total geometric variation (as a percent of mean head radius) between faces. Discrimination thresholds are lowest for face cubes constructed around the average face, thus indicating that the mean face for each gender represents a natural origin for face space. Finally, synthetic faces exhibit a pronounced inversion effect for 20degrees side views and a characteristic "Thatcher effect" for inverted front views. Synthetic faces and face cubes thus provide a useful new quantitative approach to the study of face perception and face space. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.