Gut Microbiota of Wild and Captive Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus chrysogaster)
Gut Microbiota of Wild and Captive Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus chrysogaster)
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野生和圈养高山麝（Moschus chrysogaster）的肠道微生物群
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2019.03156
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发表时间：
2020-01-21
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Guo, Songtao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sun, Yewen;Sun, Yujiao;Guo, Songtao
对于野生动物而言，它们的饮食构成总是在变化，因此我们必须通过分析肠道微生物群落的改变来监测这种变化。这样的努力能让我们相应调整保护策略与方法，使它们能够恰当地适应新环境和饮食选择。在本研究中，我们聚焦于濒危物种高山麝（Moschus chrysogaster）两组个体的肠道菌群，一组是野生群体（WG），将其与作为对照组的同物种圈养个体（CG）进行比较。该项目旨在弄清楚肠道微生物的组成是否因圈养投喂而发生显著变化。为此，我们采用16S rRNA扩增子测序来描绘两组麝的肠道细菌特征。结果显示，两组细菌的群落结构存在显著差异：野生群体中厚壁菌门显著富集，拟杆菌门减少，而圈养群体中变形菌门和广古菌门的数量显著增多。我们运用宏基因组学分析两组在功能酶方面的差异。相关结果表明，野生群体中的基因大多与消化纤维素以及生成用于信号通路的短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的酶有关，而圈养群体在产甲烷作用方面表现出富集，包括二氧化碳/氢气途径和甲基营养途径。因此，本研究表明，野生群体中富含厚壁菌门的肠道微生物群能使个体从纤维素中获取最大能量摄入，且广古菌门数量显著丰富以及存在产甲烷途径，这使它们能够减少甲烷代谢中多余的能量消耗，确保它们适应野生环境。
As for the wild animals, their diet components are always changed, so that we have to monitor such changes by analyzing the modification of intestinal microbial community. Such effort allows us to amend their conservation strategies and tactics accordingly so that they are able to appropriately adapt to the new environment and dietary selection. In this study we focus on the gut flora of two groups of an endangered species, Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), wild group (WG) which is compared with that of the individuals of the same species but kept in the captivities (CG), a control group. Such a project is aimed to work out whether the composition of the gut microbes has significantly been changed due to captive feedings. To do so, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize gut bacteria of the musk deer from the two groups. The results show that there is a significant difference in community structure of the bacteria: WG shows significant enrichment of Firmicutes and depletion of Bacteroidetes, while CG has a significant abundance of Proteobacteria and Euryarchaeota. Metagenomics was used to analyze the differences in functional enzymes between the two groups. The related results indicate that genes in WG are mostly related to the enzymes digesting cellulose and generating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) for signaling pathways, but CG shows enrichment in methanogenesis, including the CO2/H2 pathway and the methylotrophic pathway. Thus, this study indicates that the Firmicutes-rich gut microbiota in the WG enables individuals to maximize their energy intake from the cellulose, and has significant abundance of Euryarchaeota and methanogenesis pathways that allow them to reduce redundant energy consumption in methane metabolism, ensuring them to adapt to the wild environments.