Estimating long‒term annual precipitation in a mountainous region from a diagnostic model
Estimating long‒term annual precipitation in a mountainous region from a diagnostic model
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从诊断模型估算山区的长期年降水量
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Gray
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Thompson;M. Sinclair;W. Gray
新西兰的大部分降水是由地形上的气流调节的。雨量计网络通常是稀疏的，而且由于测量方案相对昂贵，在降水的空间模式建模和绘图方面有相当大的好处，以便在没有数据的地点提供信息。本文采用一种简单、数值稳健的地形降水诊断模型（VDEL），对新西兰北岛南部山区的年平均降水量进行了估算。VDEL模式最初是为了分析风暴降水模式而开发的，它基于地形强迫垂直运动的估计v·∇Zs，其中∇Zs为地形高度，Vs为山脉上游的低层水平风流。利用VDEL诊断了4个主要风向的降水模式，并利用多元回归映射函数对年降水正态进行了校正。根据集水区径流估计的地区平均降水量被复制，误差在5%至10%之间。©1997英国皇家气象学会。
Much of New Zealand's precipitation is modulated by windflow over its orography. Rain-gauge networks are normally sparse, and because measurement programmes are relatively expensive, there are considerable benefits in modelling and mapping spatial patterns of precipitation in order to provide information at sites where no data exists. In this paper a simple, numerically robust diagnostic model (VDEL) for estimating orographic precipitation is used to estimate annual precipitation normals for a mountainous region of the southern North Island, New Zealand. The VDEL model, developed initially to analyse storm precipitation patterns, is based on the estimation of orographically forced vertical motion as Vs·∇Zs where ∇Zs is the height of the terrain and Vs the low-level horizontal windflow upstream of the mountain range. Precipitation patterns were diagnosed by VDEL for four main windflow directions and calibrated against annual precipitation normals by means of a multivariate regression mapping function. Areal average precipitation, estimated from catchment runoffs, was reproduced with errors in the 5 to 10 per cent range. © 1997 the Royal Meteorological Society.