Into the breach: how cells cope with wounds.
Into the breach: how cells cope with wounds.
复制标题
深入突破口：细胞如何应对伤口。
DOI：
10.1098/rsob.180135
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Parkhurst,SusanM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakamura,Mitsutoshi;Dominguez,AndrewNM;Decker,JacobR;Hull,AlexanderJ;Verboon,JeffreyM;Parkhurst,SusanM
修复单个细胞的伤口对于生物体在日常生理或环境压力以及破坏质膜的病原体攻击中生存至关重要。感知伤口、重新封闭膜、闭合伤口和重塑质膜/皮质细胞骨架是使细胞恢复到损伤前状态的四个重要步骤。这个过程依赖于膜/细胞骨架的动态变化，这对于在几十分钟内进行修复是必不可少的。近二十年来，对不同细胞伤口修复模型的研究表明，单细胞伤口修复的分子机制非常多样化，并且依赖于伤口类型、大小和/或物种。有趣的是，不同的修复模型已经被证明使用相似的蛋白质来达到相同的最终结果，尽管有时是通过不同的机制。最近的研究使用尖端的显微镜和分子技术为细胞伤口修复过程中的分子机制提供了新的思路。在这里，我们描述了目前已知的修复过程背后的机制。此外，我们还讨论了细胞伤口修复的研究-一个强大的和可诱导的模型-如何有助于我们理解其他基本的生物学过程，如细胞分裂，细胞迁移，癌症转移和人类疾病。
Repair of wounds to individual cells is crucial for organisms to survive daily physiological or environmental stresses, as well as pathogen assaults, which disrupt the plasma membrane. Sensing wounds, resealing membranes, closing wounds and remodelling plasma membrane/cortical cytoskeleton are four major steps that are essential to return cells to their pre-wounded states. This process relies on dynamic changes of the membrane/cytoskeleton that are indispensable for carrying out the repairs within tens of minutes. Studies from different cell wound repair models over the last two decades have revealed that the molecular mechanisms of single cell wound repair are very diverse and dependent on wound type, size, and/or species. Interestingly, different repair models have been shown to use similar proteins to achieve the same end result, albeit sometimes by distinctive mechanisms. Recent studies using cutting edge microscopy and molecular techniques are shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms during cellular wound repair. Here, we describe what is currently known about the mechanisms underlying this repair process. In addition, we discuss how the study of cellular wound repair—a powerful and inducible model—can contribute to our understanding of other fundamental biological processes such as cytokinesis, cell migration, cancer metastasis and human diseases.