Characterization of cellulose whiskers and their nanocomposites by atomic force and electron microscopy
Characterization of cellulose whiskers and their nanocomposites by atomic force and electron microscopy
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/bm050479t
复制
发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Oksman, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kvien, I;Tanem, BS;Oksman, K
本工作的目的是比较和探索用电子显微镜和原子力显微镜(AFM)测定纤维素晶须及其与聚乳酸的纳米复合材料的结构。从传统的明场透射电子显微镜(TEM)可以识别单个晶须，这使得能够确定它们的大小和形状。由于尖端加宽效应，AFM高估了晶须的宽度。场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)可以快速检查样品的概况；然而，分辨率被认为不足以提供详细信息。纳米复合膜在低温下的超微切割使AFM能够对聚乳酸基质中的纤维素晶须进行详细检查。应用于断口表面的FESEM可以深入了解纳米复合材料的形态，尽管由于金属涂层和有限的分辨率而受到相当大的限制。从透射电子显微镜获得了详细的信息；然而，这种技术需要染色，而且通常受到材料有限的对比度和光束敏感性的影响。
The aim of this work was to compare and explore electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for structure determination of cellulose whiskers and their nanocomposite with poly(lactic acid). From conventional bright-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) it was possible to identify individual whiskers, which enabled determination of their sizes and shape. AFM overestimated the width of the whiskers due to the tip-broadening effect. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) allowed for a quick examination giving an overview of the sample; however, the resolution was considered insufficient for detailed information. Ultramicrotomy of nanocomposite films at cryogenic temperatures enabled detailed inspection of the cellulose whiskers in the poly(lactic acid) matrix by AFM. FESEM applied on fractured surfaces allowed insight into the morphology of the nanocomposite, although rather restricted due to the metal coating and limited resolution. Detailed information was obtained from TEM; however, this technique required staining and suffered in general from limited contrast and beam sensitivity of the material.