Roles of small RNAs in tumor formation.

Roles of small RNAs in tumor formation.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molmed.2010.04.001
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发表时间:
2010-06
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
Croce CM
Croce CM
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Di Leva G;Croce CM

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microRNA(miRNAs)是一类小的非编码RNA,在从植物到人类的生物体中作为基因表达的转录后抑制因子。最近已经描述了miRNA在驱动各种肿瘤类型的起始和进展的不同分子过程中的广泛作用。本文综述了miRNAs在人类肿瘤中异常表达的病因学及其在肿瘤转移中的作用,并将miRNAs定义为癌基因或肿瘤抑制因子。此外,我们强调了基因组/表观遗传学改变和转录/转录后机制与错误表达的miRNA在癌症中。更好地理解miRNA生物学可能最终产生对肿瘤发生的分子机制和新的癌症治疗策略的进一步了解。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional repressors of gene expression in organisms ranging from plants to humans. A widespread role for miRNAs in diverse molecular processes driving initiation and progression of various tumor types has recently been described. In this review, we discuss the etiology of aberrant expression of miRNAs in human cancers and their role in tumor metastasis, which may define miRNAs as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Moreover, we highlight the genomic/epigenetic alterations and transcriptional/post-transcriptional mechanisms associated with misexpression of miRNAs in cancer. A better understanding of miRNA biology may ultimately yield further insight into the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and new therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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