Breaking internal waves on a Florida (USA) coral reef: a plankton pump at work?
Breaking internal waves on a Florida (USA) coral reef: a plankton pump at work?
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DOI：
10.3354/meps166083
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Wing, SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leichter, JJ;Shellenbarger, G;Wing, SR
温度、盐度、流速和浮游生物浓度在佛罗里达群岛（美国）海螺礁的斜坡上变化很大，因为温暖的地表水与凉爽的地下水混合在一起，被破碎的内波推到岸上。1995年8月，该礁向海的水柱表现出强烈的温度和密度分层，有明显的斜斜和相关的地下叶绿素，在45 ~ 60 m深度处最高。在礁坡22 ~ 28 m的近底浮游动物取样中，鱿鱼类桡足类、蟹类和鱼类幼虫的浓度较高，与上坡流动的冷、富含叶绿素的水有关。与这些高浓度时期相比，在温暖的表层水的长岸和近海流动期间，浮游动物的浓度较低。内孔到达的频率和冷水事件的平均持续时间随着礁坡深度的增加而增加。因此，预计浮游动物向珊瑚礁的输送也会随着深度的增加而增加。短期沉降实验表明，与15 m相比，20和30 m深度的serpulid蠕虫沉降量增加；15.5个月的移植实验表明，30 m深度的悬浮摄食珊瑚Madracis mirabilis （sclactinia: Pocilloporidae）的生长速度明显高于15或20 m。内部潮汐孔似乎是一个可预测的，周期性的跨大陆架运输到佛罗里达珊瑚礁的来源，并对悬浮食物颗粒的时空异质性和向底栖生物的幼虫输送产生重要影响。
Temperature, salinity, flow speeds, and plankton concentrations can be highly variable on the slope of Conch Reef, Florida Keys (USA), as warm surface water is mixed with cool, subsurface water forced onshore by broken internal waves. In August 1995 the water column seaward of the reef exhibited strong temperature and density stratification with a sharp pycnocline and associated subsurface chlorophyll a maximum layer at 45 to 60 m depth. On the reef slope, near-bottom zooplankton sampling at 22 to 28 m showed high concentrations of calanoid copepods, crab zoea, and fish larvae associated with upslope flow of cool, chlorophyll-rich water. In contrast to these periods of high concentrations, zooplankton concentrations were low during periods of long-shore and offshore flow of warm surface waters. Both the frequency of internal bore arrival and the mean duration of cool water events increase with increasing depth on the reef slope. Delivery of zooplankton to the reef is, therefore, also expected to increase with depth. A short-term settlement experiment showed increased settlement of serpulid worms at 20 and 30 m depth compared with 15 m, and a 15.5 mo transplant experiment showed significantly enhanced growth rates of the suspension-feeding coral Madracis mirabilis (Scleractinia: Pocilloporidae) at 30 m depth relative to growth at 15 or 20 m. Internal tidal bores appear to be a predictable, periodic source of cross-shelf transport to Florida coral reefs and an important influence on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of suspended food particles and larval delivery to the benthos.