SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION OF LIPID-BEARING MATERIALS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS
SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION OF LIPID-BEARING MATERIALS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02678773
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
PRYDE, EH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FRIEDRICH, JP;PRYDE, EH
最近，超临界流体萃取在石油、煤炭和食品行业已经成为现实，随着其优势的显现，其重要性正在迅速增加。二氧化碳作为超临界流体的优点包括低毒、低成本、不易燃、缺乏反应性、在不同压力和温度下具有广泛的溶剂性质，以及在某些情况下改善了分离组分的性质。这种提取的缺点包括间歇提取的资本成本较高，以及缺乏连续操作的工程硬件技术。在超临界CO2萃取大豆油脂的过程中，短路间歇反应器很容易实现平衡溶解度和高流速。这种油的颜色更浅，铁更少，含磷量约为正己烷提取油的1/10。磷含量越低，精炼损失越低。在萃取过程中，观察到一些分馏发生，一些更极性和/或更高分子量的化合物在以后的馏分中有增加的趋势。在长圆柱形间歇萃取器中，薄片的作用很像色谱柱的固定相。从大豆中提取的好处也同样适用于从棉籽和玉米胚芽中提取油。超临界CO2萃取棉籽油的棉酚含量较低，精炼所需的碱较少。在小麦胚芽和麸皮的提取中，油的颜色比正己烷更浅，气味更温和，不皂化物更少。超临界CO2萃取物中游离脂肪酸含量相近，但生育酚含量较高。
Supercritical fluid extraction has recently become a reality in the petroleum, coal and food industries and is rapidly increasing in importance as its advantages become known. Advantages of carbon dioxide as a supercritical fluid include its low toxicity, low cost, lack of flammability, lack of reactivity, wide range of solvent properties at different pressures and temperatures, and improved properties of separated components in certain cases. Disadvantages of such extractions include high capital costs for batch extraction and lack of engineering hardware technology for continuous operation. In the supercritical CO2extraction of oil from soybeans, equilibrium solubility and high flow rates are readily achieved in a short‐path batch reactor. The oil has a lighter color, less iron and ca. 1/10 of the phosphorus contained in hexane‐extracted oil. The lower phosphorus content results in lower refining losses. During extraction, some fractionation is observed to take place, with some more polar and/or higher molecular weight compounds having a tendency to increase in the later fractions. In a long cylindrical batch extractor, the flakes perform much like the stationary phase of a chromatographic column. The same advantages that result from extraction of soybeans also apply to the extraction of oil from cottonseed and corn germ. Cottonseed oil obtained by supercritical CO2extraction has a lower gossypol content and requires less alkali for refining. In the extraction of wheat germ and bran, the oil has a lighter color, a milder odor and less unsaponifiables than that obtained by hexane. Free fatty acid contents were comparable, but tocopherol was higher in the supercritical CO2extract.