Song development:: In search of the error-signal
Song development:: In search of the error-signal
复制标题
DOI：
10.1196/annals.1298.036
复制
发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tchernichovski, O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Derégnaucourt, S;Mitra, PP;Tchernichovski, O
歌曲的发展为在分子、细胞和系统水平上以及从几分钟到几个月的时间尺度上动态研究声乐学习的机制提供了一个机会。为了利用这些机会，人们需要在几乎实时的情况下识别声音变化的适当单位、类型和时间尺度。Tchernikovski等人在本卷中的前一章描述了使该研究策略可行的技术，该技术允许我们通过具有不同分辨率的“时间显微镜”观察歌曲学习过程。在本章中，我们总结了一些新的观察结果，并提出了关于鸟类学习策略的假设。我们的重点是可以从行为观察中得出的推论，即引导声音变化的指导性信号的性质和复杂性（错误信号）。我们研究了两个影响：i)音节类型的出现和ii)音节类型内特征的变化。我们发现，同一音节的不同特征在不同的、有时是脱节的发展窗口中发生变化。我们讨论了通过纠正部分错误来实现歌曲模仿的可能性，并且这些部分错误的特征在发展过程中自适应地改变，可能与感知和运动熟练程度的变化同时发生。这些假设可以通过跨层次的调查得到最好的检验，从识别歌曲发展的关键时刻和记录发音动力学和神经模式开始，当只有少数特定音节的特征经历快速变化时。这样的研究可以将行为事件与大脑机制联系起来，这些机制可以引导人们每时每刻、长时间地学习歌曲。
Song development provides an opportunity to study the mechanisms of vocal learning dynamically at molecular, cellular and systems levels, and across time scales ranging from minutes to months. To exploit these opportunities one needs to identify appropriate units, types and time scales of vocal change in nearly real time. The previous chapter by Tchernikovski et al. in this volume described techniques that make this research strategy feasible by allowing us to observe the song learning process through a "temporal microscope" with variable degrees of resolution. In this chapter we summarize some of the new observations and raise hypotheses about the learning strategy of the bird. We focus on inferences that can be drawn from behavioral observations to the nature and complexity of the instructive signal that guides the vocal change (error-signal). We examine two effects: i) the emergence of syllable types and ii) changes in features within a syllable type. We found that different features of the same syllable change during different and sometimes disjointed developmental windows. We discuss the possibility that song imitation is achieved by correcting partial errors, and that features of those partial errors change adaptively during development, perhaps concurrently with changes in perception and in motor proficiency. Those hypotheses can be best examined by across levels investigation, starting from identifying critical moments in song development and recording of articulatory dynamics and neural patterns when only a few features of specific syllables undergo rapid changes. Such investigation could relate behavioral events to brain mechanisms that guide song learning from moment-to-moment and across extended periods.