Institutional influence on power sector investments: A case study of on- and off-grid energy in Kenya and Tanzania
Institutional influence on power sector investments: A case study of on- and off-grid energy in Kenya and Tanzania
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制度对电力部门投资的影响：肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚并网和离网能源的案例研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.erss.2018.04.011
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Rebecca E. Ciez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brian Sergi;M. Babcock;Nathaniel J. Williams;J. Thornburg;Aviva Loew;Rebecca E. Ciez
随着最近可再生能源技术成本的下降-最明显的是太阳能光伏发电-离网能源系统正在成为越来越有吸引力的替代电网扩展的办法，以促进非洲农村电气化。然而，在更广泛地采用离网解决方案方面存在着体制挑战。结合肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚能源部门的项目资金数据，我们评估了这些新的离网技术在多大程度上已被纳入两国现有的能源体制。通过对学术文献和官方文件的定性评估以及对能源投资的定量评估，我们发现，尽管国际发展机构为利基、离网公司提供了财政支持，但全球捐助者以及肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的政权电力部门运营商继续支持并网和电网扩展活动。虽然这两个国家的景观影响是相似的，我们发现，在制度制度的差异导致不同的发展路径离网利基。在肯尼亚，分拆和私有化的努力吸引了私人投资于并网和离网项目。坦桑尼亚对离网电力生产商的监管更为宽松，并有一个更明确的监管框架，允许离网运营商征收反映成本的关税，这为利基创新创造了一个支持性环境。
With the recent decline of renewable energy technology costs—most notably solar photovoltaics —off-grid energy systems are becoming increasingly attractive alternatives to grid extension for advancing rural electrification in Africa. However, there are institutional challenges to wider adoption of off-grid solutions. Combining a multi-level perspective with project funding data from the Kenyan and Tanzanian energy sectors, we assess the extent to which these new off-grid technologies have been incorporated into the existing energy regimes in both countries. Using a qualitative assessment of academic literature and official documents, and a quantitative assessment of energy investments, we find that although international development agencies have provided financial support for niche, off-grid companies, both global donors and the regime electricity sector operators in Kenya and Tanzania continue to favor on-grid and grid extension activities. While landscape influences on both countries are similar, we find that differences within the institutional regimes result in different development pathways for off-grid niches. In Kenya, unbundling and privatization efforts have attracted private investment in both on- and off-grid projects. Tanzania has more relaxed regulations for off-grid power producers, and a clearer regulatory framework for allowing off-grid operators to impose cost-reflective tariffs, which creates a supportive environment for niche innovation.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Baker, Lucy;Newell, Peter;Phillips, Jon
通讯作者：
Phillips, Jon