A Simple Approach to Predicting the Reliability of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants
A Simple Approach to Predicting the Reliability of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants
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DOI：
10.3390/w11112397
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Graham, David W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bunce, Joshua T.;Graham, David W.
小型污水处理厂（WWTPs）的处理性能还没有得到很好的理解，其生态影响可能被低估。越来越多的证据表明，它们在确保可持续废水管理方面发挥着关键作用，这意味着它们不能再被忽视。本研究的目的是提供新的数据，理解和分析方法，以改善现有的小型污水处理厂的管理。在英国农村进行了为期一年的采样活动，我们发现，在一系列性能参数中，12个小型污水处理厂与3个大型污水处理厂的出水质量明显较差（p < 0.05）。具体而言，小型工厂的平均去除率分别为67.3 +/-20.4%、80 +/-33.9%和55.5 +/- 30.4%，用于可溶性化学需氧量（sCOD）、总悬浮固体（TSS）和NH 4-N（+/-标准差），而较大植物的等效率分别为73.3 +/-17.6%、91.7 +/-4.6%和92.9 +/-3.7%。一个随机森林分类模型被发现可以准确地预测较小的污水处理厂变得不可靠的可能性。重要的是，当浓缩为三个最“重要”的预测因子时，分类器保持准确性，这可以减少有效的WWTP管理的数据要求。其中重要的预测因素是人口当量，这表明最小的污水处理厂可能需要特别严格的管理。对可持续废水和水资源管理必要性的认识日益提高，使得这一新方法既及时又具有广泛的相关性。
The treatment performance of small wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is not well understood, and their ecological impact may be underestimated. Growing evidence suggests they play a critical role in ensuring sustainable wastewater management, meaning they can no longer be neglected. The aim of this study was to provide new data, understanding, and analytical approaches to improve the management of existing small WWTPs. A one-year sampling campaign was performed in the rural UK, and we found the effluent quality from twelve small versus three larger WWTPs was significantly poorer (p < 0.05) across a range of performance parameters. Specifically, mean removal rates at the small plants were 67.3 +/- 20.4%, 80 +/- 33.9%, and 55.5 +/- 30.4% for soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and NH4-N (+/- standard deviation), respectively, whereas equivalent rates for larger plants were 73.3 +/- 17.6%, 91.7 +/- 4.6%, and 92.9 +/- 3.7%. A random forest classification model was found to accurately predict the likelihood of smaller WWTPs becoming unreliable. Importantly, when condensed to the three most 'important' predictors, the classifier retained accuracy, which may reduce the data requirements for effective WWTP management. Among the important predictors was population equivalence, suggesting the smallest WWTPs may require particularly stringent management. Growing awareness of the need for sustainable wastewater and water resources management makes this new approach both timely and widely relevant.