Species Home-Making in Ecosystems: Toward Place-Based Ecological Metrics of Belonging
Species Home-Making in Ecosystems: Toward Place-Based Ecological Metrics of Belonging
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2021.726571
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发表时间：
2021-11-16
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
DiManno, Nicole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cordell, Susan;Bardwell-Jones, Celia;DiManno, Nicole
全球化无疑影响了地球的生态系统，但它也影响了我们对自然系统的看法。世界上四分之三的森林现在被人类活动改变，这挑战了我们对本土生态系统的概念。原始与干扰的二分法，以及我们对本土和非本土物种的看法，已经模糊;让我们认识到人类与自然如何互动的新范式。我们现在明白，使用军国主义语言来定义植物物种的感知作用阻碍了我们的事实，即新系统（所有物种的新组合）通常可以提供有价值的生态系统服务（即，水、碳、营养物、文化和娱乐）。实际上，生态系统存在于从原生到强化管理的梯度中--“非原生”并不总是一个物种产生负面影响的标志。事实上，有许多当代的例子表明，非本地物种为濒危物种提供了重要的栖息地，或防止了人类干扰流域的侵蚀。例如，在引入夏威夷的8，000 - 10，000种非本地物种中，只有不到10%是自我维持的，其中90种对本地生物群构成威胁，并被认为是入侵性的。本文从保护生物学和社会学的透镜出发，以热带岛屿为视角，探讨了本土/非本土的二元关系、全球化的影响和入侵的政治语言。这个透镜使我们有机会提供一个基于地方的方法，对新物种的相互作用，可能有助于评估管理战略，支持生物多样性和生态系统服务的经验观察使用。最后，我们提供了第一次尝试在概念化的网站特定的方法来开发生态系统内的“归属指标”。
Globalization has undeniably impacted the Earth's ecosystems, but it has also influenced how we think about natural systems. Three fourths of the world's forests are now altered by human activity, which challenges our concepts of native ecosystems. The dichotomies of pristine vs. disturbed as well as our view of native and non-native species, have blurred; allowing us to acknowledge new paradigms about how humans and nature interact. We now understand that the use of militaristic language to define the perceived role of a plant species is holding us back from the fact that novel systems (new combinations of all species) can often provide valuable ecosystem services (i.e., water, carbon, nutrients, cultural, and recreation) for creatures (including humans). In reality, ecosystems exist in a gradient from native to intensely managed - and "non-nativeness" is not always a sign of a species having negative effects. In fact, there are many contemporary examples of non-native species providing critical habitat for endangered species or preventing erosion in human-disturbed watersheds. For example, of the 8,000-10,000 non-native species introduced to Hawai'i, less than 10% of these are self-sustaining and 90 of those pose a danger to native biota and are considered invasive. In this paper, we explore the native/non-native binary, the impacts of globalization and the political language of invasion through the lens of conservation biology and sociology with a tropical island perspective. This lens gives us the opportunity to offer a place-based approach toward the use of empirical observation of novel species interactions that may help in evaluating management strategies that support biodiversity and ecosystem services. Finally, we offer a first attempt at conceptualizing a site-specific approach to develop "metrics of belonging" within an ecosystem.