The mechanics of flight in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. I. Kinematics of hovering and forward flight.
The mechanics of flight in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. I. Kinematics of hovering and forward flight.
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发表时间：
1997-11
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通讯作者：
A. Willmott
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作者：
A. Willmott
高速摄像被用来记录序列的个人天蛾在自由飞行的速度范围从悬停到5 ms-1。在每一个速度下，三个连续的翼拍进行了详细的分析，身体和翼尖运动学和相关的时间过程中的机翼旋转。列出了一只雄性蛾和两只雌性蛾的结果。最明显的运动学趋势，伴随着前进速度的增加，在中风平面角的增加和身体角度的减少。后者可能是由于轻微的背侧转移的地区扫过的翅膀作为旋后的立场变得不那么腹随着速度的增加。这些趋势在悬停和3 ms-1之间最为明显，并且变化是渐进的;在一些脊椎动物飞行员中没有观察到明显的步态变化。翼旋转作为两个功能部分：后翼和前翼的一部分，它是在接触，和前翼的远端一半。后者显示出更大的旋转角度波动，特别是在较低的速度。随着前进速度的增加，两个半冲程和两个机翼部分的旋转角度之间的差异变得更小。下冲程机翼扭转在半冲程早期设定，然后在平移阶段保持恒定。
High-speed videography was used to record sequences of individual hawkmoths in free flight over a range of speeds from hovering to 5 ms-1. At each speed, three successive wingbeats were subjected to a detailed analysis of the body and wingtip kinematics and of the associated time course of wing rotation. Results are presented for one male and two female moths. The clearest kinematic trends accompanying increases in forward speed were an increase in stroke plane angle and a decrease in body angle. The latter may have resulted from a slight dorsal shift in the area swept by the wings as the supination position became less ventral with increasing speed. These trends were most pronounced between hovering and 3 ms-1, and the changes were gradual; there was no distinct gait change of the kind observed in some vertebrate fliers. The wing rotated as two functional sections: the hindwing and the portion of the forewing with which it is in contact, and the distal half of the forewing. The latter displayed greater fluctuation in the angle of rotation, especially at the lower speeds. As forward speed increased, the discrepancy between the rotation angles of the two halfstrokes, and of the two wing sections, became smaller. The downstroke wing torsion was set early in the halfstroke and then held constant during the translational phase.