Developmental patterns of change in the influence of safe and risky peer choices on risky decision-making
Developmental patterns of change in the influence of safe and risky peer choices on risky decision-making
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DOI：
10.1111/desc.12717
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Somerville, Leah H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braams, Barbara R.;Davidow, Juliet Y.;Somerville, Leah H.
当同龄人监督青少年的行为时，他们会冒更大的风险。然而，不同类型的同伴影响如何影响青少年的决策在很大程度上是未知的。在本研究中，我们探讨了关于同伴先前选择的信息如何影响青少年和青年期的决策。参与者（N = 99，年龄范围12-22岁）完成了一项经济选择任务，其中选择选项在风险和模糊性水平上系统地变化。在每个试验中，参与者在一个更安全的选择（结果的低可变性）和一个更危险的选择（结果的高可变性）之间进行选择。参与者在三种情况下做出选择：在没有额外信息的单独条件下做出选择；在社交条件下，他们看到假想同伴的选择；在计算机条件下，他们看到计算机的选择。结果表明，参与者的选择与同伴的选择一致，而不是计算机的选择。此外，当同伴选择安全的选择时，晚熟的青少年尤其可能做出安全的选择。相反，当同伴做出一个冒险的选择时，晚辈最不可能遵循同伴做出的选择。我们没有发现证据表明社会信息对决策的不同影响取决于其风险和模糊性的水平。这些结果表明，关于同伴先前决策的信息对青少年的行为具有强大的调节作用，同伴对青少年决策的影响并不像之前假设的那样普遍和具体。
Adolescents take more risks when peers monitor their behavior. However, it is largely unknown how different types of peer influence affect adolescent decision-making. In this study, we investigate how information about previous choices of peers differentially influences decision-making in adolescence and young adulthood. Participants (N = 99, age range 12-22) completed an economic choice task in which choice options were systematically varied on levels of risk and ambiguity. On each trial, participants selected between a safer choice (low variability in outcome) and a riskier choice (high variability in outcome). Participants made choices in three conditions: a solo condition in which they made choices with no additional information, a social condition in which they saw choices of supposed peers, and a computer condition in which they saw choices of a computer. Results showed that participants' choices conform to the choices made by the peers, but not a computer. Furthermore, when peers chose the safe option, late adolescents were especially likely to make a safe choice. Conversely, when the peer made a risky choice, late adolescents were least likely to follow choices made by the peer. We did not find evidence for differential influence of social information on decisions depending on their level of risk and ambiguity. These results show that information about previous decisions of peers are a powerful modifier for behavior and that the effect of peers on adolescents' decisions is less ubiquitous and more specific than previously assumed.