Chapter Locality and the functional sequence in the left periphery
Chapter Locality and the functional sequence in the left periphery
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章节局部性和左外围的功能序列
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
L. Rizzi
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作者：
L. Rizzi
地图学研究的重点是功能要素的顺序，这些要素表征了从句和短语不同区域的精细结构。这类功能序列具有明确的性质，是近年来广泛研究的对象：有序性、位置间的依赖性和互不相容性、某些功能元素引起的冻结性等。这些发现大大丰富了理论和比较语法的经验范围。为什么我们通常会发现排序和共发生限制的某些属性，而不是其他属性？正如Cinque和Rizzi（2010）所指出的那样，功能层次结构不太可能是一个绝对的语法原语，与其他要求或约束无关：为什么自然语言语法会进化到表达如此复杂且显然无动机的原语？更合理的说法是，功能等级及其属性（在某种程度上它们是普遍的）可能植根于其他地方。因此，功能序列的性质应该可以根据涉及基本成分和语言计算基本原理的演绎相互作用进行“进一步解释”。寻找这种进一步的解释应该被认为是制图努力的一个组成部分（Rizzi 2013）。对功能序列性质的“进一步解释”的可能来源是什么？我想到了两个广义的候选人：1。某些属性可能来自接口系统的需求。例如，功能头B可能必然出现在功能头A下（因此在头部初始语言中给出AB的线性顺序，在头部最终语言中给出BA的线性顺序），因为相反的层次顺序会产生一个不能正确解释的结构。在Cinque（1999）中系统地绘制了IP脊柱中功能元素之间的严格顺序，时态下的方面顺序可能是一个恰当的例子，也是其他例子。
Cartographic studies have focused on the sequences of functional elements which characterize the fine structure of the different zones of clauses and phrases. Such functional sequences have well-defined properties, which have been the target of extensive study in recent year: properties of ordering, of dependencies and mutual incompatibilities between positions, of freezing induced by certain functional elements and the like. These discoveries have substantially enriched the empirical coverage of theoretical and comparative syntax. Why is it that we typically find certain properties of ordering and cooccurrence restrictions, rather than others? As pointed out in Cinque and Rizzi (2010) it is unlikely that the functional hierarchy may be an absolute syntactic primitive, unrelated to other requirements or constraints: why should natural language syntax have evolved to express such a complex and apparently unmotivated primitive? It is more plausible that the functional hierarchy and its properties (to the extent to which they are universal) may be rooted elsewhere. So, properties of the functional sequence should be amenable to “further explanations” in terms of deductive interactions involving basic ingredients and fundamental principles of linguistic computations. The search for such further explanations should be considered an integral part of the cartographic endeavor (Rizzi 2013). What could be possible sources of “further explanation” for the properties of functional sequences? Two broadly defined candidates come to mind: 1. Certain properties could derive from requirements of the interface systems. For instance, it could be that functional head B may necessarily occur under functional head A (thus giving the linear order AB in head initial languages and BA in head-final languages) because the opposite hierarchical order would yield a structure not properly interpretable. Ordering of aspect below tense may be a case in point, as well as other cases of the strict orders between functional elements in the IP spine systematically mapped in Cinque (1999)