Analysis of the 16 May 2015 Tipton, Oklahoma, EF-3 Tornado at High Spatiotemporal Resolution Using the Atmospheric Imaging Radar

Analysis of the 16 May 2015 Tipton, Oklahoma, EF-3 Tornado at High Spatiotemporal Resolution Using the Atmospheric Imaging Radar
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使用大气成像雷达以高时空分辨率分析 2015 年 5 月 16 日俄克拉荷马州蒂普顿的 EF-3 龙卷风

DOI:
10.1175/mwr-d-17-0256.1
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Yu, Tian-You
Yu, Tian-You
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mahre, Andrew;Kurdzo, James M.;Bodine, David J.;Griffin, Casey B.;Palmer, Robert D.;Yu, Tian-You

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在这项研究中,大气成像雷达(AIR)收集的数据与2015年5月16日俄克拉荷马州蒂普顿附近的WSR-88D数据(KFDR)一起进行了分析。本文的分析利用了来自两种雷达的PPIs、来自KFDR的极化数据、来自AIR的时间-高度图和基于地面的速度跟踪显示(GBVTD)分析。这项研究的新颖之处在于,它将高分辨率移动雷达数据(更新时间为6-7秒)与来自KFDR的极化数据相结合,以识别可能的碎片区域,包括包含在外部涡旋环流中的碎片环。利用AIR的高时空分辨率和KFDR的极化能力,可以分析龙卷风成熟阶段部分时间内的反射率分布、碎片漂移、运动变化和龙卷风强度振荡,并特别关注反射率场变化与龙卷风周围动力变化之间的关系。碎片在龙卷风外围弱回波洞(WEH)内的高反射率同心圆中漂浮,半径和高度在几分钟内不断增加。同时,碎屑沉降和非对称反射率分布与涡旋倾斜度的多次变化相吻合。在一个例子中,水流星沉降物似乎先于一个可能下降的反射率核心。利用GBVTD的结果,近地表辐合在碎片环漂移的同一时间和位置增强。此外,观察到龙卷风通过多种垂直演变模式(即自下而上随时间增强与在最低几百米同时增强)而增强。
In this study, data collected by the Atmospheric Imaging Radar (AIR) are analyzed in conjunction with WSR-88D data (KFDR) for a tornado near Tipton, Oklahoma, on 16 May 2015. The analysis presented herein utilizes PPIs from both radars, polarimetric data from KFDR, time–height plots from the AIR, and a ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) analysis. This study is novel in that it uses high-resolution mobile radar data (update time of 6–7 s) in tandem with polarimetric data from KFDR in order to identify possible areas of debris, including a debris ring contained within the outer vortex circulation. Leveraging the high spatiotemporal resolution of the AIR with the polarimetric capability of KFDR leads to analysis of reflectivity distributions, debris lofting, kinematic changes, and oscillations in tornado intensity during a portion of the mature stage of the tornado, with a particular focus on the relationship between changes in the reflectivity field and dynamical changes around the tornado. Debris is lofted in a high-reflectivity concentric ring of increasing radius and height around the tornado over several minutes, within the outer weak-echo hole (WEH). Simultaneously, debris lofting and asymmetric reflectivity distribution around the WEH coincide with changes in vortex tilt on multiple occasions. In one instance, hydrometeor fallout appears to precede a possible descending reflectivity core. Using the GBVTD results, near-surface convergence intensifies at the same time and location as when the debris ring is lofted. Additionally, strengthening of the tornado via multiple modes of vertical evolution (i.e., bottom-up intensification over time vs simultaneous intensification throughout the lowest few hundred meters) is observed.
利用大气成像雷达观测局部严重风暴和龙卷风
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