Anthocyanins and their physiologically relevant metabolites alter the expression of IL-6 and VCAM-1 in CD40L and oxidized LDL challenged vascular endothelial cells.
Anthocyanins and their physiologically relevant metabolites alter the expression of IL-6 and VCAM-1 in CD40L and oxidized LDL challenged vascular endothelial cells.
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花青素及其与生理相关的代谢产物改变了CD40L中IL-6和VCAM-1的表达，并氧化了LDL挑战血管内皮细胞。
DOI：
10.1002/mnfr.201400803
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Kay CD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amin HP;Czank C;Raheem S;Zhang Q;Botting NP;Cassidy A;Kay CD
体外和体内研究表明，膳食花青素调节心血管疾病的风险;然而，鉴于花青素广泛的代谢，很可能是它们的降解产物和共轭代谢产物负责这种报道的生物活性。用氧化LDL（oxLDL）或分化簇40配体（CD 40 L）刺激人血管内皮细胞，并用矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷及其11种最近鉴定的代谢产物（浓度为0.1、1和10 μM）共处理。通过ELISA和RT-qPCR定量IL-6和VCAM-1的蛋白质和基因表达。在oxLDL刺激的细胞中，母体花青素对IL-6的产生没有影响，而许多花青素代谢产物显著降低了IL-6蛋白水平;原儿茶酸的II相缀合物产生了最大的影响（>75%降低，p ≤ 0.05）。在CD 40 L刺激的细胞中，花青素及其II相代谢产物减少了IL-6蛋白的产生，其中原儿茶酸-4-硫酸酯诱导的减少最大（减少>96%，p ≤ 0.03）。类似地，花青素及其代谢产物减少了VCAM-1蛋白质的产生，其中阿魏酸产生的效果最大（减少>65%，p ≤ 0.04）。这些新的数据提供的证据表明，花青素代谢物在生理相关浓度下具有生物活性，并有可能通过改变炎症介质的表达来调节心血管疾病的进展。
In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that dietary anthocyanins modulate cardiovascular disease risk; however, given anthocyanins extensive metabolism, it is likely that their degradation products and conjugated metabolites are responsible for this reported bioactivity. Human vascular endothelial cells were stimulated with either oxidized LDL (oxLDL) or cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (CD40L) and cotreated with cyanidin‐3‐glucoside and 11 of its recently identified metabolites, at 0.1, 1, and 10 μM concentrations. Protein and gene expression of IL‐6 and VCAM‐1 was quantified by ELISA and RT‐qPCR. In oxLDL‐stimulated cells the parent anthocyanin had no effect on IL‐6 production, whereas numerous anthocyanin metabolites significantly reduced IL‐6 protein levels; phase II conjugates of protocatechuic acid produced the greatest effects (>75% reduction, p ≤ 0.05). In CD40L‐stimulated cells the anthocyanin and its phase II metabolites reduced IL‐6 protein production, where protocatechuic acid‐4‐sulfate induced the greatest reduction (>96% reduction, p ≤ 0.03). Similarly, the anthocyanin and its metabolites reduced VCAM‐1 protein production, with ferulic acid producing the greatest effect (>65% reduction, p ≤ 0.04). These novel data provide evidence to suggest that anthocyanin metabolites are bioactive at physiologically relevant concentrations and have the potential to modulate cardiovascular disease progression by altering the expression of inflammatory mediators.