NIPPLE CONFUSION - TOWARD A FORMAL DEFINITION
NIPPLE CONFUSION - TOWARD A FORMAL DEFINITION
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-3476(95)90252-x
复制
发表时间：
1995-06-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
SEACAT, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
NEIFERT, M;LAWRENCE, R;SEACAT, J
本文的目的是介绍乳头混淆的正式定义，并提出有关其原因的各种假设。乳头混淆是指婴儿在奶瓶喂养或其他人工乳头接触后，在获得成功母乳喂养所必需的正确口腔结构、锁住技术和哺乳模式方面存在困难。许多早期母乳喂养失败归因于乳头混淆，尽管缺乏科学数据来证明其普遍性，所涉及的机制，或婴儿易患这种现象的各种因素。乳头混淆分为两类，以区分人工乳头在新生儿期的影响和母乳喂养后的影响。本文讨论了使婴儿更容易出现乳头混淆的母婴风险因素。未来的研究计划有助于阐明乳头混淆的本质，并确定婴儿最容易出现这种现象的情况。同时，对于临床医生来说，确定有乳头混淆风险的新生儿并尽量减少对这些婴儿使用奶瓶喂养似乎是谨慎的。在生命早期，医学上指出的补充可以通过其他方法提供，如杯、勺或滴管喂养，直到母乳喂养能够建立。
The purposes of this article are to introduce a formal definition of nipple confusion and to propose various hypotheses concerning ifs cause. The term nipple confusion refers to an infant's difficulty in achieving the correct oral configuration, latching technique, and suckling pattern necessary for successful breast-feeding after bottle feeding or other exposure to an artificial nipple. Many early breast-feeding failures are attributed to nipple confusion, although scientific data are lacking to document its prevalence, the mechanisms involved, or various factors that predispose an infant to this phenomenon. Two classifications of nipple confusion are recommended to distinguish the impact of artificial nipples during the newborn period from their influence after breast-feeding is well established. Maternal and infant risk factors making an infant more susceptible to nipple confusion are discussed, Future studies are planned to help elucidate the nature of nipple confusion and identify the circumstances under which infants are most vulnerable to this phenomenon. Meanwhile, it would seem prudent for clinicians to identify newborns at risk for nipple confusion and to minimize the use of bottle feedings in such babies. Medically indicated supplements in the early days of life could be provided by alternative methods, such as cup, spoon, or dropper feeding, until breast-feeding can be established.