Biological impact of harmaline, ricinine and their combined effects with Bacillus thuringiensis on Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Biological impact of harmaline, ricinine and their combined effects with Bacillus thuringiensis on Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10340-009-0257-x
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Zhang, Wan Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rizwan-ul-Haq, Muhammad;Hu, Qiong Bo;Zhang, Wan Li
植物源农药的发展历史表明，其研究主要集中在急性半数致死量或浓度的测定上。在当前形势下，迫切需要在传统的致死浓度研究的基础上，沿着了解植物提取物的亚致死效应，以全面探讨植物提取物作为农药的未来作用。研究了传统药用植物提取物山楂碱（H）和蓖麻碱（R）单独或与苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）联合应用对甜菜夜蛾（Spodoptera exigua）营养和酶系统的急性毒性和亚致死效应。骆驼蓬碱和蓖麻碱对新生幼虫的生长抑制率分别达93.12%和84.31%。蓖麻碱对四龄和五龄棉铃虫的EC_（50）分别为0.24和0.27 mg/ml，而蓖麻碱处理后，对四龄和五龄棉铃虫的EC_（50）分别为0.49和0.54 mg/ml。与单独处理相比，在H + Bt和R + Bt的情况下，在显著更短的暴露时间内，这些化学品与Bt的组合导致死亡率分别显著增加至96%和87.82%，死亡率显著增加。营养分析结果表明，与Bt联合使用的棉铃虫和蓖麻碱的毒性增强，但H + Bt 2的效果更好，其最小相对消耗率为2.50 mg/mg/d，相对生长率为1.16 mg/mg/d，摄食转化率为对照的29.66%。在不同的暴露时间，在所有的处理中的抗氧化酶，如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的变化在一定程度上被注意到。在H + R + Bt 2处理的第6天，SOD和CAT活性最高，分别为+37.29%和29.27%。该研究清楚地表明，与Bt结合使用的山楂碱和蓖麻碱对S. exigua.这种现象有助于开发针对不同臭名昭著的害虫的更好的控制策略。
The history of botanical pesticides reveals that their study did mainly focus on the determination of acute median lethal dose or concentration. In the current situation, it is the dire need to understand the sublethal effects of the botanical extracts along with the traditional studies of lethal concentrations in order to comprehensively investigate the future role of the botanical extracts as pesticides. This study reveals the effects of traditionally used medicinal plant extracts harmaline (H) and ricinine (R) either individually or in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on the acute toxicity and sublethal effects on the nutrition and enzyme system of Spodoptera exigua. Harmaline and ricinine caused reduction in the growth of neonate larvae up to 93.12 and 84.31%. The EC50 values of harmaline against fourth and fifth instars were 0.24 and 0.27 mg/ml, but these values remained 0.49 and 0.54 mg/ml against fourth and fifth instars after being treated with ricinine. The combination of harmaline and ricinine with Bt resulted in the increased efficiency of these chemicals as the mortality percentages significantly increased up to 96 and 87.82% in significantly less exposure time in case of H + Bt and R + Bt respectively, as compared to individual treatments. The nutritional analysis revealed the increased toxicity of harmaline and ricinine in combination with Bt, but H + Bt2 showed the higher efficiency with minimal relative consumption rate 2.50 mg/mg/day, relative growth rate 1.16 mg/mg/day and efficiency of conversion of ingested food 29.66% of control, respectively. Changes in antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalases (CAT) were noticed to some extent over different exposure times at all the treatments. The highest SOD (+37.29%) and CAT (+29.27%) activity was observed at the 6th day of treatment with H + R + Bt2. The study clearly shows the significantly increased efficiency of harmaline and ricinine in combination with Bt against S. exigua. This phenomenon can be helpful in order to develop better control strategies against different notorious pests.