Organisation of the spinal central. pattern generators for locomotion in the salamander: Biology and modelling
Organisation of the spinal central. pattern generators for locomotion in the salamander: Biology and modelling
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.07.006
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cabelguen, Jean-Marie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chevallier, Stephanie;Ijspeert, Auke Jan;Cabelguen, Jean-Marie
在现存的四足动物中，蝾螈被认为是最接近第一个陆生脊椎动物，因此是一个有趣的群体，可以推断出从水生到陆生栖息地的运动行为的进化变化。蝾螈有两种运动模式：游泳和陆地行走。游泳是鳗形的，与七鳃鳗非常相似。在地面上，蝾螈转换为轴向波动的步进步态，这在许多爬行动物中也可以观察到。因此，蝾螈非常适合研究这两种运动模式产生的神经机制，以及步态转换的神经机制。在本文中，我们描述的运动学和激活模式的轴和四肢肌肉在步行和游泳的成年蝾螈。然后，我们回顾了目前的神经生物学数据的组织脊髓网络游泳和步进，步态过渡的机制。最后，我们报告的建模研究，旨在了解组织和运作的蝾螈运动电路。总而言之，神经生物学和建模数据支持从无颌动物到两栖动物的脊髓运动网络产生轴向运动模式的系统发育保守性的假设。(c)2007 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Among living tetrapods, salamanders are regarded as most closely resembling the first terrestrial vertebrates, and are therefore an interesting group in which the evolutionary changes in the locomotor behaviour from aquatic to terrestrial habitats can be inferred. Salamanders exhibit two locomotor modes: swimming and terrestrial stepping. The swimming is anguilliform and resembles closely that of the lamprey. On the ground, the salamander switches to a stepping gait with axial undulations that is also observed in many reptiles. The salamander is therefore ideally suited for examining the neural mechanisms for the generation of these two locomotor modes, as well as the neural mechanisms of gait transition. In the present paper, we describe the kinematics and patterns of activation of axial and limb muscles during stepping and swimming in adult salamanders. We then review the current neurobiological data about the organisation of the spinal networks underlying swimming and stepping, and the mechanisms of gait transition. Finally we report modelling studies aimed at understanding the organisation and operation of the salamander locomotor circuits. Altogether, the neurobiological and the modelling data support the hypothesis of a phylogenetic conservatism from agnathians to amphibians of the spinal locomotor networks generating axial motor patterns. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.