Differential age effects on semantic and syntactic priming
Differential age effects on semantic and syntactic priming
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DOI：
10.1080/016502598384180
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lindenberger, U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friederici, AD;Schriefers, H;Lindenberger, U
在目标词前面有一个句子片段的词汇判断任务中，考察了成人在语言理解过程中对语义和句法信息加工的年龄差异。句子片段和目标被直观地呈现出来，并组成了包含语义违反(选择限制违反)或句法违反(次范畴化违反)的正确或不正确的句子。实验一发现，在句法加工上存在年龄差异效应，在语义违反加工上不存在年龄差异效应。实验2使用视觉退化的目标，证明这种差异效应独立于外围加工方面，例如视觉编码。实验3包括中性基线条件，实验3表明，年龄差异对句法加工的影响是由于启动的受控因素而不是自动因素造成的，就像在成本成分上观察到的那样，而不是在效益成分上观察到。实验4表明，这种效应与用于刺激呈现的时序参数无关。年龄似乎对特定的认知领域有不同的影响，如句法和语义。这可能归因于句法和语义启动所涉及的受控加工的数量。
Adult age differences in the processing of semantic and syntactic information during language comprehension were investigated in a lexical decision task in which the target word was preceded by a sentence fragment. Sentence fragment and target were presented visually and made up either a correct or an incorrect sentence containing either a semantic violation (selectional restriction violation) or a syntactic violation (subcategorisation violation). Experiment 1 revealed a differential age effect for the processing of syntactic, but not for the processing of semantic violations. Experiment 2, using visually degraded targets, demonstrated that this differential effect was independent of peripheral processing aspects, such as visual encoding. Experiment 3 including a neutral baseline condition revealed that the differential age effect on syntactic processing was due to controlled rather than to automatic aspects of priming, as it was observed for the cost component, but not for the benefit component. Experiment 4 revealed that this effect was independent of the timing parameters used for stimulus presentation. It appears that age can have differential effects on specific cognitive domains, such as syntax and semantics. This may be attributable to the amount of controlled processes involved in syntactic and semantic priming.