A comparison of additional treatment processes to limit particle accumulation and microbial growth during drinking water distribution
A comparison of additional treatment processes to limit particle accumulation and microbial growth during drinking water distribution
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.035
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发表时间：
2013-05-15
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Van Dijk, J. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, G.;Lut, M. C.;Van Dijk, J. C.
在近一年的时间内，监测了用经过正常处理和其他处理过的地下水的试验尺度水分配系统发生的水质变化，颗粒积累和微生物生长。处理过程按以下顺序进行排名：纳米过滤（NF）>（比）超滤（UF）>离子交换（IEX）以限制颗粒的积累。发现限制整体微生物生长的不同顺序：nf> iex> uf。颗粒负荷与颗粒积累之间以及养分负荷与微生物生长之间存在很强的相关性。得出的结论是，可以通过减少水处理厂的颗粒负荷来控制颗粒的积累。微生物生长可以通过限制有机养分而不是去除水处理厂中的生物量来更好地控制。这项研究的主要重点是微生物生长。结果表明，在所有类型的处理水中，包括大量水，生物膜和松散的沉积物中都发生了生长。考虑到不同阶段的增长，所有处理都观察到了大量水的相似生长。 NF在松散的沉积物和生物膜中都大大降低了生长； UF促进了生物膜的生长，同时强烈限制了松散沉积物的生长。 IEX在UF和NF之间具有良好的效率，这限制了宽松的沉积物和生物膜中的两个生长。在松散的沉积物中发现了显着的增长，这表明应考虑生长评估和/或预测，应考虑松散的沉积物生物量。在膜结垢模拟器中发现微生物生长与压降之间的强烈相关性，这证明膜结垢模拟器可以是快速的增长预测因子（一周之内）。通过三磷酸腺苷和流式细胞术细胞计数获得的不同结果表明，ATP可以准确地描述悬浮和颗粒相关的生物质，以及应开发TCC测量的流式细胞仪文件，以便为粒子负载样品和/或预处理方案进一步处理。 （c）2013 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
Water quality changes, particle accumulation and microbial growth occurring in pilot-scale water distribution systems fed with normally treated and additional treated groundwater were monitored over a period of almost one year. The treatment processes were ranked in the following order: nanofiltration (NF) > (better than) ultrafiltration (UF) > ion exchange (IEX) for limiting particle accumulation. A different order was found for limiting overall microbial growth: NF > IEX > UF. There were strong correlations between particle load and particle accumulation, and between nutrient load and microbial growth. It was concluded that particle accumulation can be controlled by reducing the particle load in water treatment plants; and the microbial growth can be better controlled by limiting organic nutrients rather than removing biomass in water treatment plants.The major focus of this study was on microbial growth. The results demonstrated that growth occurred in all types of treated water, including the phases of bulk water, biofilm and loose deposits. Considering the growth in different phases, similar growth in bulk water was observed for all treatments; NF strongly reduced growth both in loose deposits and in biofilm; UF promoted growth in biofilm, while strongly limiting growth in loose deposits. IEX had good efficiency in between UF and NF, limiting both growths in loose deposits and in biofilm. Significant growth was found in loose deposits, suggesting that loose deposit biomass should be taken into account for growth evaluation and/or prediction. Strong correlations were found between microbial growth and pressure drop in a membrane fouling simulator which proved that a membrane fouling simulator can be a fast growth predictor (within a week). Different results obtained by adenosine triphosphate and flow cytometry cell counts revealed that ATP can accurately describe both suspended and particle-associated biomass, and flow cytometly files of TCC measurements needs to be further processed for particle loaded samples and/or a pretreatment protocol should be developed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.