Electrical energy storage in highly renewable European energy systems: Capacity requirements, spatial distribution, and storage dispatch
Electrical energy storage in highly renewable European energy systems: Capacity requirements, spatial distribution, and storage dispatch
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DOI：
10.1016/j.est.2017.10.004
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Pohl, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cebulla, F.;Naegler, T.;Pohl, M.
可再生能源系统的主要挑战之一是依赖于可变可再生能源（VRE）源的发电机的固有有限的可调度性。为了克服这种系统灵活性不足的问题，电能存储（EES）是一种很有前途的选择。我们工作的第一个贡献是解决EES在欧洲高度可再生能源系统中的作用。为此，我们应用能源系统模型REMix，它内生地决定了所有发电和存储技术的容量扩展和调度。我们得出的EES容量为206吉瓦和30太瓦时的系统，可再生能源的份额为89%，相对于年总发电量。广泛的敏感性分析表明，EES的要求范围从126 GW和16 TWh（内源性电网扩张）到272 GW和54 TWh（低EES投资成本）。作为我们的第二个贡献，我们展示了EES容量的空间分布如何取决于剩余负荷，而剩余负荷又受到区域主导的VRE技术及其发电时间特性的影响。从这个意义上说，频繁的高VRE过剩周期需要短期EES，这自然具有低电力相关投资成本的特点。相比之下，能源相关成本低的长期EES是出现大量剩余能源的地区的特征。这种关系进一步强调了EES容量分布如何受到VRE扩展技术潜力的隐含影响。(c)2017爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
One of the major challenges of renewable energy systems is the inherently limited dispatchability of power generators that rely on variable renewable energy (VRE) sources. To overcome this insufficient system flexibility, electrical energy storage (EES) is a promising option. The first contribution of our work is to address the role of EES in highly renewable energy systems in Europe. For this purpose, we apply the energy system model REMix which endogenously determines both capacity expansion and dispatch of all electricity generation as well as storage technologies. We derive an EES capacity of 206 GW and 30 TWh for a system with a renewable share of 89%, relative to the annual gross power generation. An extensive sensitivity analysis shows that EES requirements range from 126 GW and 16 TWh (endogenous grid expansion) to 272 GW and 54 TWh (low EES investment costs). As our second contribution, we show how the spatial distribution of EES capacity depends on the residual load, which-in turn-is influenced by regionally predominant VRE technologies and their temporal characteristics in terms of power generation. In this sense, frequent periods of high VRE excess require short-term EES, which naturally feature low power-related investment costs. In contrast, long-term EES with low energy-related costs are characteristic for regions where high amounts of surplus energy occur. This relationship furthermore underlines how EES capacity distribution is implicitly influenced by technical potentials for VRE expansion. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.