Fungal communities do not recover after removing invasive Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard)
Fungal communities do not recover after removing invasive Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10530-019-02031-8
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Frey, S. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anthony, M. A.;Stinson, K. A.;Frey, S. D.
非本土入侵植物对本土植物的负面影响促使人们加大了根除力度，但根除是否能恢复对入侵也很敏感的土壤微生物群落通常没有被考虑。一些入侵植物，如大蒜芥（Alliaria petiolata），特别是以促进入侵过程的方式改变土壤。大蒜芥破坏菌根，增加真菌病原体负荷，并提高土壤养分的可用性和土壤pH值，因此，大蒜芥根除真菌群落和土壤特性的反应可能是恢复入侵森林生态系统功能的关键。我们在八个温带落叶林进行了大蒜芥菜根除实验。1年和3年后，开始每年大蒜芥末去除（手拉），我们收集了土壤样品和真菌群落结构的特点，使用DNA metabarcoding旁边的一套土壤属性。我们发现，真菌的丰富度，共享的真菌物种，真菌生物量的数量，和真菌公会的相对丰度变得不太相似的入侵地块的第三年根除和更相似的未入侵的参考地块。然而，真菌群落的组成并不像未入侵的社区根除的第三年，并保持入侵的社区。土壤的化学和物理性质也保持类似的入侵条件。整体土壤的非生物-生物恢复没有观察到3年后，大蒜芥末去除。因此，根除大蒜芥可能无法实现管理目标，直到土壤的物理，化学和生物学特性变得更类似于未受入侵的森林地区，或至少更不相似的入侵条件，可以促进入侵。
The negative impacts of non-native invasive plants on native plants has prompted intensive eradication efforts, but whether eradication can restore soil microbial communities that are also sensitive to invasion is generally not considered. Some invasive plants, like Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard), specifically alter soils in ways that promote the invasion process. Garlic mustard disrupts mycorrhizas, increases fungal pathogen loads, and elevates soil nutrient availability and soil pH; thus, the fungal community and soil property responses to garlic mustard eradication may be key to restoring ecosystem function in invaded forests. We conducted a garlic mustard eradication experiment at eight temperate, deciduous forests. 1 and 3 years after initiating annual garlic mustard removal (hand pulling), we collected soil samples and characterized fungal community structure using DNA metabarcoding alongside a suite of edaphic properties. We found that fungal richness, the number of shared fungal species, fungal biomass, and the relative abundance of fungal guilds became less similar to invaded plots by year three of eradication and more similar to uninvaded reference plots. However, fungal community composition did not resemble uninvaded communities by the third year of eradication and remained comparable to invaded communities. Soil chemical and physical properties also remained similar to invaded conditions. Overall soil abiotic-biotic restoration was not observed after 3 years of garlic mustard removal. Garlic mustard eradications may therefore not achieve management goals until soil physical, chemical, and biological properties become more similar to uninvaded forested areas or at least more dissimilar to invaded conditions that can promote invasion.