THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF MORPHOGENESIS (REPRINTED FROM PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY (PART B), VOL 237, PG 37-72, 1953)
THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF MORPHOGENESIS (REPRINTED FROM PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY (PART B), VOL 237, PG 37-72, 1953)
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02459572
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
TURING, AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
TURING, AM
有人认为，称为形态发生素的化学物质系统一起反应并通过组织扩散，足以解释形态发生的主要现象。这样的系统虽然最初可能非常均匀，但后来可能会由于均匀平衡的不稳定性而发展出一种模式或结构，这是由随机扰动触发的。在孤立的细胞环的情况下，对这种反应扩散系统进行了一些详细的考虑，这是一个数学上方便但生物学上不寻常的系统。调查主要关注不稳定的发生。发现这可以采取六种本质上不同的形式。驻波以最有趣的形式出现在环上。例如，有人认为这可能解释了九头蛇上的触手图案和轮生的叶子。还考虑了球体上的反应和扩散系统。这样的系统似乎可以解释原肠胚形成。另一个二维反应系统产生了让人想起斑驳的图案。也有人认为，二维驻波可以解释叶序现象。本文的目的是讨论受精卵基因决定最终有机体解剖结构的可能机制。该理论没有提出任何新的假设；它只是表明某些众所周知的物理定律足以解释许多事实。充分理解这篇论文需要具备良好的数学知识、一些生物学知识和一些基础化学知识。由于不能指望读者成为所有这些主题的专家，因此对一些基本事实进行了解释，这些基本事实可以在教科书中找到，但如果省略这些事实，将使本文难以阅读。
It is suggested that a system of chemical substances, called morphogens, reacting together and diffusing through a tissue, is adequate to account for the main phenomena of morphogenesis. Such a system, although it may originally be quite homogeneous, may later develop a pattern or structure due to an instability of the homogeneous equilibrium, which is triggered off by random disturbances. Such reaction-diffusion systems are considered in some detail in the case of an isolated ring of cells, a mathematically convenient, though biologically unusual system. The investigation is chiefly concerned with the onset of instability. It is found that there are six essentially different forms which this may take. In the most interesting form stationary waves appear on the ring. It is suggested that this might account, for instance, for the tentacle patterns onHydraand for whorled leaves. A system of reactions and diffusion on a sphere is also considered. Such a system appears to account for gastrulation. Another reaction system in two dimensions gives rise to patterns reminiscent of dappling. It is also suggested that stationary waves in two dimensions could account for the phenomena of phyllotaxis.The purpose of this paper is to discuss a possible mechanism by which the genes of a zygote may determine the anatomical structure of the resulting organism. The theory does not make any new hypotheses; it merely suggests that certain well-known physical laws are sufficient to account for many of the facts. The full understanding of the paper requires a good knowledge of mathematics, some biology, and some elementary chemistry. Since readers cannot be expected to be experts in all of these subjects, a number of elementary facts are explained, which can be found in text-books, but whose omission would make the paper difficult reading.