Real-time Load Determination of Wheel Loader Components
Real-time Load Determination of Wheel Loader Components
复制标题
轮式装载机部件的实时负载测定
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Geimer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lars Brinkschulte;J. Hafner;M. Geimer
系统的生命周期成本越来越成为机器制造商的关注焦点，以确保竞争优势并加强客户关系。这导致了开发目标，例如更高的可用性，根据需求的维护间隔，以及最小化停机和停机成本。
移动的机器受到载荷的作用，这些载荷的特征有时是工作任务、环境边界条件和操作者。在移动的机器的实际使用中，一些操作者在操作机器方面不是很有经验，例如当在建筑行业中使用机器时。在这些情况下，执行工作比机器的状态和使用寿命更重要。企业家，特别是在附加和特殊机器领域，更喜欢使用租赁车辆，因此运营商一直面临新机器的事实，加剧了这种情况。由于操作员的个人控制特性，这导致机器的运动序列和负载情况永久变化。高负载在操作中频繁发生，并且可能导致机器的过早故障。因此，将不可能继续进行完成工作任务所需的活动，另一方面，可能需要修理甚至报废一台机器并购买一台新机器。这两种后果都会给机器所有者带来经济损失。
在许多情况下，难以影响工作任务和由环境根据目标建立的环境条件，例如，以实现所需的结果，同时使部件负载最小化。另一方面，车辆的操作在最小化损害方面提供了更明显的自由度。适合于外部条件和工作任务的车辆控制系统，其使得操作者和车辆在不易于导致损坏的操作条件下执行，因此可以减少负载和缺陷，并且因此还减少操作和维护成本。最终的结果是机器的可用性更高。
这种控制系统需要了解当前负载和移动的机器部件的承载能力。因此，本文的研究内容是开发一种以轮式装载机动臂为对象的实时载荷确定方法。
The lifecycle costs of systems are moving more and more into the focus of machine manufacturers to ensure competitive edges and strengthen customer relations. This results in development goals such as higher avail-ability, maintenance intervals according to requirements, and minimized outages and downtime costs.
Mobile machines are subjected to loads which, occasionally, are characterized by the working task, the environmental boundary conditions and the operator. In practical use of mobile machines, some operators are not very experienced in handling a machine, for instance when using machines in the construction industry. In these cases, performing the job enjoys priority over the state of a machine and its service life. The situation is aggravated by the fact that entrepreneurs, especially in the fields of add-on and special machines, prefer to use leased vehicles, thus the operators are confronted with new machines all the time. Because of the individual control characteristics of operators, this results in permanently changing sequences of motions and load situations for the machine. The high loads occur frequently in operation and can lead to premature failure of a machine. As a result, it will be impossible to continue the activities needed to fulfil the working task and, on the other hand, it may be necessary to repair or even scrap a machine and buy a new one. Both consequences result in economic harm for the machine owner.
In the many cases it is difficult to influence the working task and the environmental conditions established by the environment in the light of the objective, e.g. to achieve the required result while simultaneously minimizing component load. On the other hand, operation of a vehicle offers a more evident degree of freedom in minimizing damage. Vehicle control systems adapted to external conditions and the working task, which make operators and vehicles perform under operating conditions less prone to result in damage, thus can reduce loads and defects and, consequently, also reduce operating and maintenance costs. The final conse-quence is a higher availability of the machines.
A control system of this kind requires knowledge of current loads and load-bearing capabilities of components of a mobile machine. Developing a method of real-time load determination as shown for the boom of a wheel loader therefore is the content of this article.