The rise of eating disorders in Japan: Issues of culture and limitations of the model of "Westernization"
The rise of eating disorders in Japan: Issues of culture and limitations of the model of "Westernization"
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DOI：
10.1007/s11013-004-1066-6
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Borovoy, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pike, KM;Borovoy, A
作为当代历史上第一个成为主要工业化经济大国的非西方国家，日本是精神病疾病分类学中文化相对主义辩论的中心，日本饮食失调的研究有助于文化和历史对这种疾病的经验，诊断和治疗的影响的复杂讨论。Gordon 2001; Palmer 2001）。毫无疑问，日本饮食失调症的增加与二战后工业化、城市化和传统家庭形式的磨损有关。虽然日本的案例证实了饮食失调的存在似乎与这些更广泛的社会变革有关，但它也指出了特定文化和历史因素在塑造饮食失调经历方面的重要性。在这篇文章中，我们探讨了当代日本文化的两个特殊维度：（1）性别发展和对成年女性的性别角色期望;（2）美丽理想以及体重和形状在饮食失调病因学中的作用。我们对这些文化维度的分析，以及从实证和定性研究中获得的数据，揭示了“西化”模式的局限性，并呼吁在描述和解释当今日本的饮食失调时，对文化更敏感地寻找意义。
As the first non-Western nation in contemporary history to become a major industrialized economic power, Japan is central to the debate on cultural relativism in psychiatric nosologies, and the study of eating disorders in Japan contributes to the complex discussion of the impact of culture and history on the experience, diagnosis and treatment of such disorders ( R. Gordon 2001; Palmer 2001). Without question, the rise in eating disorders in Japan correlated with increasing industrialization, urbanization, and the fraying of traditional family forms following World War II. While the case of Japan confirms that the existence of eating disorders appears to be linked with these broader social transformations, it also points to the importance of specific cultural and historical factors in shaping the experience of eating disorders. In this article, we explore two particular dimensions of culture in contemporary Japan: ( 1) gender development and gender role expectations for females coming of age; and ( 2) beauty ideals and the role of weight and shape concerns in the etiology of eating disorders. Our analysis of these dimensions of culture, and the data accruing from empirical and qualitative research, reveal limitations to the model of "Westernization" and call for a more culturally sensitive search for meaning in both describing and explaining eating disorders in Japan today.