DynAMITe: a wafer scale sensor for biomedical applications
DynAMITe: a wafer scale sensor for biomedical applications
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-0221/6/12/c12064
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Allinson, N. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Esposito, M.;Anaxagoras, T.;Allinson, N. M.
在许多生物医学成像应用中，平板成像器（FPI）是目前最常见的选择。然而，FPI具有几个关键缺点，例如大像素、高噪声、低帧速率和过多的图像伪影。最近，有源像素传感器（APS）克服了这些问题而获得了普及，并且现在通过适当的标线缝合可扩展到晶片尺寸。用于生物医学成像应用的探测器要求高空间分辨率、低噪声和高动态范围。这些品质因数与像素大小有关，并且由于像素大小在设计时是固定的，因此空间分辨率、噪声和动态范围不能进一步优化。作者报告了由英国MI-3 Plus联盟开发的一种新型抗辐射单片APS，名为DynAMITe（动态范围可调医学成像技术）。这种大面积检测器（12.8厘米× 12.8厘米）是基于使用两个不同的二极管几何形状在同一像素阵列内具有不同大小的像素（50毫米和100毫米）。因此，所得到的设备可以拥有两个固有不同的分辨率，每个分辨率具有不同的噪声和饱和性能。小像素相机和大像素相机可以在不同的电压下复位，从而导致不同的耗尽宽度。小像素的较大耗尽宽度允许迅速收集初始生成的光电荷，这确保了固有的较低噪声和较高的空间分辨率。在这些像素达到接近饱和之后，较大的像素开始收集，从而提供较高的动态范围，而较高的噪声基底并不重要，因为在较高的信号电平下，性能由入射辐射束的泊松噪声支配。本文将介绍DynAMITe的总体架构和详细特性。
In many biomedical imaging applications Flat Panel Imagers (FPIs) are currently the most common option. However, FPIs possess several key drawbacks such as large pixels, high noise, low frame rates, and excessive image artefacts. Recently Active Pixel Sensors (APS) have gained popularity overcoming such issues and are now scalable up to wafer size by appropriate reticule stitching. Detectors for biomedical imaging applications require high spatial resolution, low noise and high dynamic range. These figures of merit are related to pixel size and as the pixel size is fixed at the time of the design, spatial resolution, noise and dynamic range cannot be further optimized. The authors report on a new rad-hard monolithic APS, named DynAMITe (Dynamic range Adjustable for Medical Imaging Technology), developed by the UK MI-3 Plus consortium. This large area detector (12.8 cm x 12.8 cm) is based on the use of two different diode geometries within the same pixel array with different size pixels (50 m m and 100 m m). Hence the resulting device can possess two inherently different resolutions each with different noise and saturation performance. The small and the large pixel cameras can be reset at different voltages, resulting in different depletion widths. The larger depletion width for the small pixels allows the initial generated photo-charge to be promptly collected, which ensures an intrinsically lower noise and higher spatial resolution. After these pixels reach near saturation, the larger pixels start collecting so offering a higher dynamic range whereas the higher noise floor is not important as at higher signal levels performance is governed by the Poisson noise of the incident radiation beam. The overall architecture and detailed characterization of DynAMITe will be presented in this paper.