Attention in natural scenes: contrast affects rapid visual processing and fixations alike

Attention in natural scenes: contrast affects rapid visual processing and fixations alike
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自然场景中的注意力:对比度会影响快速视觉处理和注视

DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2013.0067
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Einhäuser W
Einhäuser W
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
't Hart BM;Schmidt HC;Klein-Harmeyer I;Einhäuser W

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对于自然场景,注意力通常通过快速呈现期间的表现或长时间观看期间的注视分配来量化。两种范式都在不同的时间尺度上运作,并分别利用隐蔽和公开的注意力。为了比较这些,我们要求一些观察者以快速序列检测目标(动物/车辆),而其他观察者则自由地观看相同的目标图像 3 秒,同时跟踪他们的视线。在某些刺激中,目标的对比度会被修改(增加/减少),并且其背景也会以相同或相反的方式修改。我们发现,增加目标相对于背景的对比度会增加注视和检测,而降低目标对比度并同时增加背景对比度几乎没有效果。整个图像(目标+背景)的对比度增加可以改善检测,降低对比度会恶化检测,而注视概率仍然不受整个图像修改的影响。与对象无关的局部对比度增加或减少会吸引目光,但少于实际对象,支持对象优先于低级特征。检测和注视概率是相关的:目标在一种范式中被检测到的可能性越大,它在另一种范式中被注视的可能性就越大。因此,在简单刺激中建立的显性注意力和隐性注意力之间的联系转移到更自然的场景。
For natural scenes, attention is frequently quantified either by performance during rapid presentation or by gaze allocation during prolonged viewing. Both paradigms operate on different time scales, and tap into covert and overt attention, respectively. To compare these, we ask some observers to detect targets (animals/vehicles) in rapid sequences, and others to freely view the same target images for 3 s, while their gaze is tracked. In some stimuli, the target's contrast is modified (increased/decreased) and its background modified either in the same or in the opposite way. We find that increasing target contrast relative to the background increases fixations and detection alike, whereas decreasing target contrast and simultaneously increasing background contrast has little effect. Contrast increase for the whole image (target + background) improves detection, decrease worsens detection, whereas fixation probability remains unaffected by whole-image modifications. Object-unrelated local increase or decrease of contrast attracts gaze, but less than actual objects, supporting a precedence of objects over low-level features. Detection and fixation probability are correlated: the more likely a target is detected in one paradigm, the more likely it is fixated in the other. Hence, the link between overt and covert attention, which has been established in simple stimuli, transfers to more naturalistic scenarios.
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