Pancreatic cancer epidemiology: understanding the role of lifestyle and inherited risk factors.
Pancreatic cancer epidemiology: understanding the role of lifestyle and inherited risk factors.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41575-021-00457-x
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发表时间：
2021-07
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--
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中科院分区：
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--
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胰腺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因，其全球负担在过去25年中增加了一倍多。胰腺癌发病率最高的地区包括北美，欧洲和澳大利亚，尽管这种增长在很大程度上是由于全球人口老龄化，但胰腺癌的主要可改变风险因素包括吸烟，肥胖，糖尿病和饮酒。这些风险因素的患病率在全球许多地区正在增加，导致胰腺癌的年龄调整发病率增加，但由于基础患病率和预防策略的变化，这些风险因素的相对贡献在全球范围内有所不同。遗传因素虽然不能直接改变，但却是胰腺癌风险的重要组成部分，包括遗传性癌症基因中的致病性变异、与遗传性胰腺炎相关的基因以及全基因组关联研究中鉴定的常见变异。识别胰腺癌背后的遗传变化不仅可以深入了解这种癌症的病因，还可以为指导早期检测策略提供机会。本综述的目的是提供一个最新的概述胰腺癌的已建立的可改变和遗传的危险因素。
Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide and its global burden has more than doubled over the past 25 years. The highest incidence regions for pancreatic cancer include North America, Europe and Australia, and although much of this increase is due to ageing worldwide populations, there are key modifiable risk factors for pancreatic cancer such as cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes and alcohol intake. The prevalence of these risk factors is increasing in many global regions, resulting in increasing age-adjusted incidence rates for pancreatic cancer, but the relative contribution from these risk factors varies globally due to variation in the underlying prevalence and prevention strategies. Inherited genetic factors, although not directly modifiable, are an important component of pancreatic cancer risk, and include pathogenic variants in hereditary cancer genes, genes associated with hereditary pancreatitis, as well as common variants identified in genome-wide association studies. Identification of the genetic changes that underlie pancreatic cancer not only provides insight into the aetiology of this cancer but also provides an opportunity to guide early detection strategies. The goal of this Review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the established modifiable and inherited risk factors for pancreatic cancer.
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