Carotid foramen size in the human skull tracks developmental changes in cerebral blood flow and brain metabolism
Carotid foramen size in the human skull tracks developmental changes in cerebral blood flow and brain metabolism
复制标题
人类头骨中颈动脉孔的大小追踪脑血流量和脑代谢的发育变化
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23809
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Boyer, Doug M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harrington, Arianna R.;Kuzawa, Christopher W.;Boyer, Doug M.
在人类，与脑发育相关的神经元过程在儿童早期提高了脑组织相对于身体的代谢率。这种现象被认为是导致早期智人躯体生长缓慢的原因。在发育过程中，大脑的代谢率与大脑的大小脱钩，这使得化石记录中这些特征的进化出现的研究变得复杂。在这里，我们扩展了以前开发的预测脑血流种间差异的方法材料和方法来自现代人类颅骨的个体发育系列的颈动脉孔的半径用于预测通过颈内动脉（伊卡）的血流速率，这是比较经验测量伊卡流量和脑代谢values.ResultsPredictions绝对伊卡血流速度和灌注（伊卡血流速度相对于大脑大小）一般匹配的测量值在婴儿期和儿童期。最大预测伊卡血流速率和灌注被发现发生在5岁和8岁之间，这大致对应于最大测量伊卡血流速率和全脑葡萄糖摄取的绝对和脑质量特异性速率的年龄。DiscussionThese研究结果表明，在人类生长和发育过程中，颈动脉孔的大小与通过伊卡的血流需求相对应，这里测试的方法可能为使用骨骼样本（包括化石人类）研究大脑代谢的发育变化提供新的机会。
ObjectivesIn humans, neuronal processes related to brain development elevate the metabolic rate of brain tissue relative to the body during early childhood. This phenomenon has been hypothesized to contribute to slow somatic growth in preadolescentHomo sapiens. The uncoupling of the brain's metabolic rate from brain size during development complicates the study of the evolutionary emergence of these traits in the fossil record. Here, we extend a method previously developed to predict interspecific differences in cerebral blood flow (a correlate of cerebral glucose use) to predict ontogenetic changes in human brain metabolism.Materials and methodsRadii of the carotid foramen from an ontogenetic series of modern human crania were used to predict blood flow rates through the internal carotid arteries (ICA), which were compared to empirically measured ICA flow and brain metabolism values.ResultsPredictions of both absolute ICA blood flow rates and perfusion (ICA blood flow rates relative to brain size) generally match measured values in infancy and childhood. Maximum predicted ICA blood flow rates and perfusion were found to occur between ages 5 and 8, which roughly correspond to the age of maximum measured ICA blood flow rate and absolute and brain mass‐specific rate of whole brain glucose uptake.DiscussionThese findings suggest that, during human growth and development, the size of the carotid foramen corresponds well to blood flow requirements through the ICA, and the method tested here may provide new opportunities for studying developmental changes in brain metabolism using osteological samples, including fossil hominins.