THE ORIGIN OF TRITICUM SPELTA AND ITS FREE-THRESHING HEXAPLOID RELATIVES
THE ORIGIN OF TRITICUM SPELTA AND ITS FREE-THRESHING HEXAPLOID RELATIVES
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a105590
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发表时间：
1946-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
SEARS, ER
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MCFADDEN, ES;SEARS, ER
六倍体小麦Spelta（n [长破折号]21）与四倍体小麦T.双球菌和T. dicoccoides（n [长破折号]14）的一组性状，而粗山羊草（Aegilops squarrosa，n = 7）的一组性状。A. squarrosa与T. dicoccoides与T. spelta但不育。通过秋水仙素处理，获得了T.二球蕨X A.获得squarrosa。这一人工合成的六倍体（n =21）与T. spelta与T. spelta和T. vulgare推测T.斯佩尔塔出现，可能是在相当近的时间，在S。e.欧洲或南方- W. Asia为T. dicoccoides（或T.双球菌属）X A. squarrosa。据信，它已经通过一条向北的路线进入了中欧和西欧，在那里，在历史时期，它与T. persicum可能是现已灭绝的Lake Dweller小麦。作为该杂种的分离体，其它欧洲六倍体小麦T. vulgare和T.被认为已经出现了。亚洲六倍体小麦T. speltiforme，T. rigidum，T. macha和T. vavilovi可能起源于四倍体小麦和山羊草属的各种二倍体物种的双二倍体，这些物种具有与山羊草相似的染色体。squarrosa。作者认为Lake Dweller小麦是由T. monococcum（= 7）× Agropyron triticeum（n = 7）。A. cylindrica是A.尾状体（n = 7）× A. squarrosa。
The hexaploid wheat Triticum spelta (n [long dash]21) is distinguished from the tetraploids T. dicoccum and T. dicoccoides (n [long dash]14) by a group of characters possessed by Aegilops squarrosa (n = 7). Hybrids of A. squarrosa with T. dicoccoides closely resembled T. spelta but were sterile. Through colchicine treatment an amphiploid of T. dicoccoides X A. squarrosa was obtained. This synthetic hexaploid (n =21) was very similar to T. spelta and formed highly fertile and cytologically regular hybrids with T. spelta and T. vulgare It is postulated that T. spelta arose, possibly in fairly recent times, in s.-e. Europe or s.-w. Asia as an amphiploid of T. dicoccoides (or T. dicoccum) X A. squarrosa. It is believed to have been carried over a northerly route into central and western Europe, where, within historic times, it hybridized with a free-threshing tetraploid ancestor of T. persicum[long dash]probably the now extinct Lake Dweller wheat. As segregates of this hybrid, the other European hexaploid wheats, T. vulgare and T. compactum, are thought to have arisen. The Asiatic hexaploid wheats, T. speltiforme, T. rigidum, T. macha, and T. vavilovi, may have originated as amphiploids of tetraploid wheats and various diploid species of Aegilops having chromosomes similar to those of A. squarrosa. It is suggested that the Lake Dweller wheat arose as an amphidiploid of T. monococcum ( = 7) X Agropyron triticeum (n = 7). A. cylindrica is shown to be an amphidiploid of A. caudata (n = 7) X A. squarrosa.