Will Capacity Mechanisms Conflict with Carbon Pricing?
Will Capacity Mechanisms Conflict with Carbon Pricing?
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DOI：
10.3390/en15249559
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发表时间：
2022-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Yilun Luo;E. Ahmadi;B. McLellan;T. Tezuka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yilun Luo;E. Ahmadi;B. McLellan;T. Tezuka
气候变化和相关的国家减缓目标使得电力部门的脱碳成为迫切需要。电力部门面临的挑战是考虑减排政策的设计和相互作用，这些政策有时会相互抵消。本研究提出了一个框架，可用于定量研究碳定价和容量定价之间的定性联系。该框架通过日本北海道的案例研究进行了验证，并通过系统动力学模拟模型和情景设计进一步研究了这两种政策之间的相互作用。结果表明，碳价格将促进风电的引进，以及减少化石燃料，而容量价格将缓解繁荣和萧条的投资周期，并稳定电价。然而，当两种政策性电价同时作用于电力系统时，其优势将相互抵消。容量价格的存在部分抵消了碳价的减排效果，而有下限的碳价也会间接挤压柔性电厂的发电空间。为了解决这些效率低下的问题，本研究提出了一种容量价格，重点是补贴灵活的发电厂，并结合更高的最低碳价格，从而产生一致的激励。它还促进碳密集型基本负荷发电厂的退役并显着减少二氧化碳排放。
Climate change and related national mitigation targets make the decarbonization of the power sector an urgent need. The power sector faces the challenge of considering the design and interaction between emission reduction policies, which can sometimes counteract each other. This study proposes a framework that can be used to quantitatively study the qualitative link between carbon pricing and capacity pricing. The framework is validated through a case study in Hokkaido, Japan, and used to further investigate the interaction between the two policies through a System Dynamics simulation model and scenario design. The results indicate that a carbon price would promote the introduction of wind power, as well as the reduction in fossil fuels, while the capacity price will mitigate the boom-and-bust investment cycle and stabilize electricity prices. However, when the two policy-based prices act on the power system simultaneously, the advantages will be offset by each other. The existence of the capacity price partially offsets the emission reduction effect of the carbon price, and the carbon price with a lower floor will also indirectly squeeze the generation space of flexible power plants. In order to address these inefficiencies, this study proposed a capacity price focused on subsidizing flexible power plants and also coupled with a higher floor carbon price, which results in a consistent incentive. It also promotes the decommissioning of carbon-intensive base-load power plants and reduces CO2 emissions significantly.