Green and sustainable chemical synthesis using flow microreactors.
Green and sustainable chemical synthesis using flow microreactors.
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DOI：
10.1002/cssc.201000271
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发表时间：
2011-03
期刊：
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
J. Yoshida;Heejin Kim;A. Nagaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Yoshida;Heejin Kim;A. Nagaki
流动微反应器的几个特点，使绿色和可持续的化学合成的贡献：（1）对于极快的反应，动力学往往不能使用，因为缺乏均匀的反应环境时，他们在间歇宏反应器进行。然而，基于动力学考虑，由于基于微反应器中短扩散路径的快速混合，更好的可控性导致产物的更高选择性。因此，产生的废物较少。(2)涉及高度不稳定中间体的反应在大批量反应器中进行时通常需要非常低的温度。由于停留时间短，流动微反应器能够在环境温度下进行这样的反应，避免了低温条件并使冷却所需的能量最小化。(3)凭借精确的停留时间控制，流动微反应器允许避免使用辅助物质，如保护基团，实现高度原子和步骤经济的直接合成。基于微反应技术的多个试验装置的开发证明了流动微反应器合成可以应用于工业规模的化学物质的绿色和可持续生产。(4)微反应器技术可实现按需和现场合成，从而减少运输能源并易于回收物质。
Several features that allow flow microreactors contribute to green and sustainable chemical synthesis are presented: (1) For extremely fast reactions, kinetics often cannot be used because of the lack of homogeneity of the reaction environment when they are conducted in batch macroreactors. Better controllability, by virtue of fast mixing based on short diffusion paths in microreactors, however, leads to a higher selectivity of the products, based on kinetics considerations. Therefore, less waste is produced. (2) Reactions involving highly unstable intermediates usually require very low temperatures when they are conducted in macrobatch reactors. By virtue of short residence times, flow microreactors enable performing such reactions at ambient temperatures, avoiding cryogenic conditions and minimizing the energy required for cooling. (3) By virtue of the precise residence time control, flow microreactors allow to avoid the use of auxiliary substances such as protecting groups, enabling highly atom- and step-economical straightforward syntheses. The development of several test plants based on microreaction technology has proved that flow microreactor synthesis can be applied to the green and sustainable production of chemical substances on industrial scales. (4) Microreactor technology enables on-demand and on-site synthesis, which leads to less energy for transportation and easy recycling of substances.