Photosynthetic Response of Maize to Nitrogen Fertilization in the Semiarid Western Loess Plateau of China
Photosynthetic Response of Maize to Nitrogen Fertilization in the Semiarid Western Loess Plateau of China
复制标题
西部半干旱黄土高原玉米光合对氮肥的响应
DOI：
10.2135/cropsci2016.12.1021
复制
发表时间：
2017-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Antille, Diogenes L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lamptey, Shirley;Li, Lingling;Antille, Diogenes L.
干旱地区的农业经常受到水和养分供应不足的挑战。应对这些挑战的措施包括适当施肥，但目前尚不清楚与黄土高原常用的不同氮（N）用量是否可以缓解这一问题。通过3个种植季的田间试验，研究了不同施氮水平对土壤水分动态、光合活性和玉米产量的影响。生长在中国西部黄土高原。施肥量为0 ~ 300 kg N/ha（-1），以100 kg N/ha（-1）为固定增量（分别称为N-0和N-300），处理采用完全随机区组设计。结果表明，N-200和N-300处理的水分利用效率比N-0和N-100处理高60%左右（P < 0.05），作物生物量增加，籽粒产量提高70-80%。这些观察结果与所有光合特性的测量结果一致，并表明，在本研究的条件下，作物的生理生态响应可能在施氮量为200至300公斤公顷（-1）的范围内得到优化，这取决于土壤水分的可用性。农学效率计算在这个水平的N施肥报告一贯较高的值，因此表明，环境损失的施肥N是小的。本试验结果表明，在200 ~ 300 kg/ha范围内，在保持相对稳定的产量水平的前提下，可有效地改善干旱区玉米生产的氮肥和土壤水分管理措施。今后的工作重点应放在优化玉米氮肥施用时机和改善氮肥施用位置。
Agriculture in rainfed dry areas is often challenged by inadequate water and nutrient supplies. Responses to these challenges include adequate fertilization, but it is unknown whether different nitrogen (N) rates from that commonly used in the Loess Plateau can alleviate this issue. Field experiments were conducted over three cropping seasons to investigate the effect of different N fertilization levels on soil water dynamics, photosynthetic activity, and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in the Western Loess Plateau of China. Fertilizer was applied at planting at rates between 0 and 300 kg N ha(-1) at regular increments of 100 kg N ha(-1) (referred to as N-0 and N-300, respectively), and treatments were arranged in a complete randomized block design. Results showed that water use efficiency in the N-200 and N-300 treatments was similar to 60% higher than N-0 and N-100 (P < 0.05 ), which translated into increased crop biomass and therefore grain yield (approximate to 70-80%). These observations were consistent with all measurements of photosynthetic traits and suggested that, under the conditions of this study, the ecophysiological response of the crop may be optimized at N application rates in the range of 200 to 300 kg ha(-1), depending on soil water availability. Agronomic efficiency calculations at this level of N fertilization reported consistently higher values and consequently suggested that environmental losses of applied fertilizer N were small. The current experimental results for the N application rates in the range of 200 to 300 kg ha(-1) could be useful for improving N fertilizer and soil water management practices of maize production while maintaining a relatively stable yield level in rainfed dry areas. Future work should focus on optimizing timing and improving the placement of fertilizer N applied to maize.