Impact of land cover data on the simulation of urban heat island for Berlin using WRF coupled with bulk approach of Noah-LSM
Impact of land cover data on the simulation of urban heat island for Berlin using WRF coupled with bulk approach of Noah-LSM
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DOI：
10.1007/s00704-017-2253-z
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发表时间：
2018-10
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Huidong Li;M. Wolter;Xun Wang;S. Sodoudi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huidong Li;M. Wolter;Xun Wang;S. Sodoudi
土地覆被的城乡差异是城市热岛效应的重要决定因素。为了评估土地覆盖数据对城市热岛模拟的影响，采用天气研究和预报模式（WRF）结合Noah-LSM方法，对柏林最新的CORINE土地覆盖（CLC）和城市地图集（UA）的精细分辨率（100和10 m）与美国地质调查局（USGS）的粗分辨率（30 s）数据进行了对比研究。新旧数据的对比部分揭示了城市化对城市热岛的影响以及城市热岛的历史演变过程，不同分辨率数据的对比揭示了土地覆盖分辨率对城市热岛模拟的影响。鉴于城市地表的高度异质性和高分辨率的土地覆盖数据，镶嵌的方法是在这项研究中实现的子网格的土地覆盖组成的变化计算。结果表明，利用UA和CLC资料模拟的气温和地表温度均优于利用USGS资料模拟的结果。基于USGS的模拟低估了温度，特别是在农村地区。温度和地表温度的纵向变化与城市分数的三个模拟都表现出良好的一致性。为了更好地研究柏林城市热岛的综合特征，根据温度与城市分数的关系，建立了三种模拟的城市热岛曲线。基于CLC和UA的模拟显示比基于USGS的模拟更平滑的UHIC。利用USGS的旧数据进行模拟明显低估了城市热岛的影响程度，而最新的CLC和UA数据更能反映城市化的真实的情况，更能准确地模拟城市热岛的空间分布。但是，CLC和UA资料模拟的城市热岛强度并不高于USGS资料模拟的城市热岛强度。模拟的气温不像地表温度那样受地表覆盖的影响，因为气温也受空气平流的影响。
Urban-rural difference of land cover is the key determinant of urban heat island (UHI). In order to evaluate the impact of land cover data on the simulation of UHI, a comparative study between up-to-date CORINE land cover (CLC) and Urban Atlas (UA) with fine resolution (100 and 10 m) and old US Geological Survey (USGS) data with coarse resolution (30 s) was conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) coupled with bulk approach of Noah-LSM for Berlin. The comparison between old data and new data partly reveals the effect of urbanization on UHI and the historical evolution of UHI, while the comparison between different resolution data reveals the impact of resolution of land cover on the simulation of UHI. Given the high heterogeneity of urban surface and the fine-resolution land cover data, the mosaic approach was implemented in this study to calculate the sub-grid variability in land cover compositions. Results showed that the simulations using UA and CLC data perform better than that using USGS data for both air and land surface temperatures. USGS-based simulation underestimates the temperature, especially in rural areas. The longitudinal variations of both temperature and land surface temperature show good agreement with urban fraction for all the three simulations. To better study the comprehensive characteristic of UHI over Berlin, the UHI curves (UHIC) are developed for all the three simulations based on the relationship between temperature and urban fraction. CLC- and UA-based simulations show smoother UHICs than USGS-based simulation. The simulation with old USGS data obviously underestimates the extent of UHI, while the up-to-date CLC and UA data better reflect the real urbanization and simulate the spatial distribution of UHI more accurately. However, the intensity of UHI simulated by CLC and UA data is not higher than that simulated by USGS data. The simulated air temperature is not dominated by the land cover as much as the land surface temperature, as air temperature is also affected by air advection.